Processes involved in the human kidney Essay

-Blood enters each kidney via renal artery and leaves each kidney via renal vein-Urine exists the kidney with a duct called the ureter and the uruters of both kidneys drain into a common urinary bladder-Kidney consists of outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla-Nephron is useable unit of vertebrate kidney-Consists of single long tubule and ball of capillaries called the glomerulus-Bowmans capsule surrounds the glomerulus-Kidney regulates the composition of the blood and produce urine-Filtration occurs as blood pressure forces water, urea, salts, and early(a) small solutes from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowmans capsule-Nonselective-Filtrate goes into proximal tube, loop of Henle (a hairpin turn with a descending limb and ascending limb) and the distal tubule-Kidney consists of cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons (only in mammals and birds)-Most of filtrate is reabsorbed back into blood the kidneys take out about 1%-Proximal and distal tubules are the most co mmon sites of secretion-Very selective puzzle out with both passive and active transport of solutes-Proximal, distal tubules, and loop of Henle contribute to Reabsorption-Collecting duct also helps in Reabsorption-Mammalians kidneys powerfulness to conserve water is considered an important adaptation-Antidieretic hormone is important in os more thangulation-Made in hypothalamus and released when osmolarity in blood rises above certain point-ADH acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts by increasing their permeability to water-Causes more water Reabsorption-Is turned off through negative feedback-Juxtaglomerulur apparatus located in the vicinity of the afferent arteriole, which supplies blood to the glomerulus-When blood pressure or blood muckle in the afferent arteriole drops, the enzyme rennin causes chemical reactions that create a peptide called angiotensin II-Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and blood volume by constricting arterioles and decreasing blood flow t o many capillaries like the kidney-Causes more salt and water reabsorption to increase blood volume-Causes release of aldosterone, which also acts on nephrons distal tubules and helps, reabsorb more sodium and water-Negative feedback turns rennin production off-Called the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-Atrial natriuretic factor opposes RAAS-Released by the heart in response to an increase in blood volume and pressure-Inhibits the release of rennin-Inhibits NaCl reabsorption and reduces aldosterone release from adren