Ocean Carriers Case Study Essay

The fragmented shipping industry is one of the most essential industries for continuous globalization and growth; industry prospects are surprisingly stable in contrast to the normal logistics businesses that are highly cyclical. The factors that drive average daily hire rates are the age of vessels, market condition, the supply and demand and the size of the ships. Daily hire rates are found by the interaction of the supply and demand of vessels. The supply is influence by market demand for shipping capacity, the efficiency and size of vessels and the rate of scrapping. The demand is influenced by the situation of the world economy, technological changes and trade patterns. There is a strong positive relationship between spot/time charter hire rates and demand for iron ore vessel shipments (exhibition 5). This is due to the fact that rates are set by current market conditions and expectations that also influences investment decisions in new vessels. Spot hire rates are expected to decrease next year because there is a big number of vessels order for next year, according to exhibit 3. Compared to exhibit 2, it’s a big proportion. So the supply will be large, leading the  rates to decrease. In the next few years, there will be a large supply of new capsize vessels. And also, there will be some vessels that are over 24 years and will be scrapped. But the old vessels just total a small portion. So the influence that brought by the old vessels’ scrap is minor. Another point is, if Australia and India ore export is going well in the next few years, it would be very good for this industry and make the hire rates decrease. According to calculation, the 15 years’ plan will generate positive NPV as compared to NPV of 25 years plan. The forecast is highly optimistic about the industry’s long-term prospects with continuous growth. Real economic growth will give rise to higher demand for the commodities transported and spot rates will alienate with the ones from 2000. In fact, in 2002 the iron industry will recover, especially because of an increase in the trading volumes, thanks to the growth of the Indian and Australian market, also influenced by the efficiency gains due to gradual technological improvements. The choice of making 3 installment payments provides the company with a large non-recurring capital outflow in 2 short years that will cause grave liquidity constraints, investing $500,000 in net working capital compensates for this. However, Ocean Carriers should try to increase the payments period in order to be able to keep working capital at higher levels. Reevaluating the capital structure is strongly recommended since lower costs would decrease the discount rate and increase the NPV. The corporate strategy obviously has to be reevaluated concerning when to decommission the vessel since this makes the project not financially supported. The higher costs of operating an older vessel is obviously lower that the gains of doing so. There need to be more data to support that the firm is able to lock higher prices which would enable them to receive higher cash flows and with greater certainty. Extending the years of service for the vessels from 15 to at least a span where NPV is positive is crucial for future projects to be even considered.

Chinese philosophy Essay

On Earth we are pushed almost simultaneously in some sort of direction, opportunity, decision, etc. and when these situations present themselves we face dilemmas of how and why we should approach them in a certain manner according to moral precepts, short and long term goals, and societal constraints. The teachings of Taoism are an excellent if not perfect life guide for these dealings, because the Tao, or â€Å"the way†, can be thought in terms of a form of enlightenment or remedy for the humanly ways of this world. The Tao upholds the natural proof that life is of the utmost importance and the most valued possession in life is intrinsically itself. In this supreme experience of life we face constant movement for advancement of self and quality of life by technology and mentality, yet the Tao gestures a content and simple life where these â€Å"improvements† aren’t the strives we need to be making. The orchestrator of Taoism himself, Lao Tzu, it was said, â€Å"the greatest Virtue is to follow the Tao and Tao alone† (Tzu 10) which states of the Tao’s incomparability to life’s other moral and spiritual modules. Throughout this paper I will divulge the in the functions of simplicity and humbleness professed in Taoism as well as the utility of the Tao in nearly every aspect of life. History and Beginnings of Taoism Taoism is believed to have started in the 6th century B. C. E. by a former government worker who maintained the royal archives during the reign of the Chou Dynasty. That keeper of the royal archives was named Lao Tzu and he became dreary from his work so left his occupation to pursue a different calling out west. It is speculated that upon his departure from the confines of China, a guard watching the border asked him to record all of his wisdom before he passed. With this incentive Lao Tzu sat down and wrote the Tao Te Ching, which was his only known work summing up to roughly 5,000 words and spoke of in depth of the manner of the Tao and how it correlates to us, this life, and the world. It was Tzu’s only work (which some scholars dispute it was other sages compiling together and not one entity, Lao Tzu) whereupon he was never seen or recorded again. With this Taoism was born. To understand the method of the Tao it needs to be understood what the Tao reflects and what the Tao is because that is the essence of the Tao, it just is. Essentially the Tao is the natural order and true way of life, it is an ultimately indescribable yet definable through guidelines and the teachings written by Lao Tzu. Lao Tzu even said in the first lines of the Tao Te Ching, â€Å" The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao† , signifying that telling and learning of the Taoism is not genuine Tao because the Tao has to be lived and found out personally from person to person. â€Å" Daoist ideas[consist of ] the ecstatic journey, physical immortality, sexual yoga, and in particular the aspiration to harmonize human life with the way of nature†, here we see a connection to individual life and becoming one being of nature through this â€Å"ecstatic journey†, which is simple bliss in our voyage through time on this earth. While were here on planet Earth we aren’t really making the best out of it but rather coming to the realization that inherently this life is the best in the way it is. This simplicity is the vitality of our life, we need to let the roots of the real planet take over our life, and not submit to contaminated constraints of society or contemporary lifestyles for, â€Å"he is detached, thus at one with all† where â€Å"he† is detached from societal conformity and thinking and one with all the underlying truth of the world. Intrinsically this universal way to life, that is the Tao, is perfect and flawless from times of sorrow to times of joy because like the Yin and Yang symbol from ancient Chinese culture in life should be in accordance and equilibrium with the natural way of things. Taken as a whole the doctrine of the Tao is to combine with your original and eternal ancestry with this earth and just be. As I have mentioned the Tao is oriented around the union of our individual life and the eternal, ever-constant (in principle), and natural way of the earth. In the marriage of life and the way, the component that we are in control of( and I say control with care because the Tao is not about control or absoluteness it’s about harmony and being taken up with your world) is our personal life and personality. This life right here and now is so important it gets taken for granted and disregarded so often due to the unnatural ways society pushes us. Without this life we wouldn’t have anything, any reality, any fun or depression, no anything. For this basic reason alone our time here in this existence, our life, is our ultimate possession in this life is this life. The opportunity to live purely and purposefully with the planet’s path is what our existence is about is what the Tao Te Ching brings to light and from this truth it can be derived that our life is the our best achievement. A very prominent message that resounds throughout the Tao Te Ching and principles of Taoism is the importance of keeping life basic and rudimentary in operation. This does not mean you are a buffoon and you should do nothing, but interpreted to common language lifestyles should be basic and not enthused by complicated thinking, personality, and actions. Science is a big discrepancy with the Taoist thought pattern, a Tao sage wouldn’t advocate for improvement in sciences. Yet with this in mind, â€Å"Taoists were often scientists of China. Theirs was a different conception of science, based not on the exploration of the underlying laws of phenomena, but on the observation of the behavior of animals, plants, the elements, and the heavens. †, more of a mild consideration for the reality around us and how it corresponds to the natural way things are and how we play a part in it as individuals. When we follow the flow of the Tao we are in sync with nature’s ever pure intentions and a simplistic life separated from convoluted ideals and standards set by humans to live by. To satisfy the Tao we have realized we should not strive for things, material or spiritual, but allow this essence of the world to become us by living in an effortless way. There is a self-gratification to simple living, â€Å" Lao Tzu rejected scientific and technological progress†¦ he wrote that content people enjoy the labor of their hands and don’t waste time inventing labor-saving machines† where we are content and reap the benefits of our work to thrive in unison with the world. In this manner of simplicity life is lived how it was meant to be lived. Tantamount in importance for Taoism is dissent from popularity and splendor in your life. If we are to be simple beings in unity with nature then we should not be crowding our heads with egoistical beliefs that our own supremacy is important. In the grand scheme of this planet we are a miniscule part but a part nonetheless, one who should surrender to the natural course of the world. â€Å"The ten thousand things rise and fall while the Self watches their return. They grow and flourish and then return to source†, as explained by Lao Tzu we go about our business with highs and lows of attitude, status, and life in general but always return to the basis source where we originated from, and so we should avoid trying to raise up and improve because it is unnatural and we will just return to the basis anyway. This life’s peak is unattainable because it is not part of this journey, we shouldn’t even try to achieve the high of our live through improvement of self because we are meant to be simple and just the way we are. To just be as a basic being is to be perfectly purposeful. Our time here on this planet is to accept that the way of the world is the Tao and is the force we adhere, it is the ultimate answer to our world. We live here and now to follow the Tao and be content with our life as it is the most important thing we harbor. It is a basic life but that’s more than okay, we should have a life of no achievements because those could lead ultimately to downfalls and an unnatural course in our life going against the Tao of the world. Always unimportance in ourselves is key if we are to live harmoniously with this planet. Simplicity all around and submitting to the underlying but truly eternal and ultimate flow of the Tao is our purpose here and now, just be, no adjustments, just being. Works Cited Clarke, J. J. The Tao of the West: Western Transformations of Taoist Thought. New York, NewYork: Routledge, 2000. Print Goffman, Ken, Joy, Dan. Counter Culture Through The Ages: From Abraham to Acid House. New York, U. S. A. : Villard Books, 2004. Print Tzu, Lao. Tao Te Ching. China:np,nd. Print Welch, Holmes. Taoism The Parting of the Way. Toronto, Canada: Beacon Paperback, 1966. Print. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Sages, are wise teacher-like people regarded with high level experience and wisdom of the world and its ways. [ 2 ]. The Yin and Yang is a symbol resonating with ancient Chinese philosophy that represent the natural opposites such as dark and light, innovation and conservation, masculine and feminine, as they occur and have to be in balance and coexistence with one another.

2.03 Cell Membranes and Homeostasis Essay

Objective(s): The reason for this experiment is to see how starch and iodine affect each other and how a plastic bag works similar to a membrane in certain situations. Introduction: I know prior to doing this experiment that iodine mixed with starch creates a dark color and that most objects, organic and inorganic, naturally experience isotonic reactions. Hypothesis: I think that the potato will absorb more starch than the sweet potato and they will both absorb relatively similar amounts of water. Procedure: Variables: Controlled- water and size of potatoes. Manipulated variables- potatoes growth based on contents of solution. Data: Data and Observations Bag ContentInitial color of water/iodine solution in the cupFinal color of the solution in the cup Starch and Water Dark blue, purple Blackish Blue WaterOrangeyOrange Analysis Questions Part 1 1.Restate your hypothesis and discuss if the observed results supported the hypothesis. -Based off what I observed, my hypothesis, stating that the potato will absorb more starch than the sweet potato, was correct. 2.Identify the control and variables in your experiment. -Variables: Controlled- water and size of potatoes. Manipulated variables- potatoes growth based on contents of solution. 3.Why do we observe the color of the solution before adding the sandwich bags to each cup? -To make sure that the solutions contain the necessary contents. 4.Based on your observations, is the sandwich bag permeable to starch? To iodine? -Iodine is permeable to the sandwich bag, while starch is not. 5.Look up the molecular structures of starch and iodine, and use those structures to explain your observations. -Starch is a more complex compound than iodine, making it easier for iodine to pass through objects. 6.If a balance was available, describe how you could use it in this experiment and what the purpose would be. -The balance could be used to also see the difference is the potatoes before and after the observation time. 7.Living organisms are made of cells. Those cells must receive nutrients and gases in order to undergo the metabolic processes that maintain homeostasis. In paragraph form, explain how you think the nutrients and gases enter the cell. Distinguish between the molecules that can enter by diffusion by simply moving across the membrane and those that must expend energy to cross the cell membrane. -Nutrients enter cells in to major ways, through active and passive transport. When a molecule uses diffusion or other processes that require no energy, they are using passive transport. An example molecule for this would be water or glucose. Other molecules, that need to use energy to enter a cell use active transport. Many molecules that use this are macromolecules, like proteins. Molecules use one of these two transports to enter a cell. 8.List three criteria cells use to select materials to enter or leave the cell. Then explain the role of each criterion in determining the type of transport a cell will use for different sized molecules. For instance, small molecules move across the membrane by diffusion, given they are moving with the concentration gradient. -Water can enter the cell in order to balance the amount inside to the amount of the environment. This is passive due to the fact that it happens without any external energy. -Some molecules can pass into the cell by facilitated diffusion. This is passive due to the nature of diffusion and because the solute is moving down its concentration gradient. – Sodium is moved out of an animal cell while potassium is moved into the cell by the sodium-potassium-pump. This is through active transport because it uses energy. Restate your hypothesis and discuss if the observed results supported the hypothesis. -Based off what I observed, my hypothesis, stating that the potato will absorb more starch than the sweet potato, was correct. 2.Use your observations to explain if each type of cell (potato, sweet potato/pear/apple) was isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic to each of the solutions. Explain what happened to each type of cell in response to the type of solution it was in. -Potato- it was hypertonic and gained water in the water solution. In the starch solution, it was hypotonic. -Sweet Potato- it was hypertonic in the water solution and went through plasmolysis in the starch solution. 3.Based on the observed volume changes, which of  the vegetables/fruits used in this experiment has a greater amount of sucrose in its cells? Explain your answer. -The Sweet Potato seemed to have an originally larger amount of sucrose in its cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems like the hypothesis was relatively c orrect. From the data collected from the experiment, the two potato samples were subjected to different solutions. The potato was hypertonic to the distilled water and hypotonic to the starch solution. The sweet potato, on the other hand, was a little harder to determine, though it was obvious that it was hypertonic to the distilled water, it was hard to determine if it was hypo-,hyper-, or isotonic. Since it was hard, I did a little research and realized that what I was seeing was the sweet potato going through plasmolysis. This experiment was somewhat difficult due to the fact that I was observing periodically, but it seems like it was a success.

Leadership exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership exercise - Assignment Example The biggest task was convincing the five of them to accompany me to the charity event. The challenge arose from the fact that convincing all, the five, would be a difficult task given that they live in separate areas and have different kinds of preferences. I took the initiative of convincing all the five on individual capacity. To do that, I took note of their needs and feelings. I knew that a good leader must listen to the rest of the team. I made my proposition logically. I told them that I had an idea of visiting the Children’s home. Similarly, the idea of going there would be entertaining as well as a positive way to get back to the society. The logical argument was that going to the charity would give us a rare opportunity of playing with the less privileged children. By so doing, we would impact positively on their lives as we, also, enjoyed free physical exercise (Hoch, 163). After all the five friends agreed to accompany me to the charity, the next task was coordinating the group. I knew that the most important virtue required from me was leadership. That would entail listening to their suggestions, rather than imposing my ideas on them (Washington et al 13). As a leader, I made contact with the Children’s home to book an appointment on Saturday. On the material day, the most difficult task coordinating the entire group to converge at my house. All six of us had different ideas with regard to the meeting place. However, I gave everyone a chance to give their views. On the same note, while giving my views and reactions to their views, I used hesitant language. This is because a good leader should listen to the voice of those being led. I also know that a good leader should lead by example and action. In that regard, I offered to finance the journey by paying for the gas as well as refreshments that we used. Sam and Patricia proposed that, since we were visiting children, we should buy some snacks

First Paper Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

First Paper Assignment - Essay Example Thus, the thesis of this paper can be put like this: Killing in war is seriously morally wrong, because it is cruel and worthless deprivation of the most valuable one has which is human life. A number of analytical and psychological researches have been conducted on the reasons, causes, and consequences of one of group of people killing other group of people during war time. However, such appalling facts as raping and killing women and children are shocking evidence of human worst weaknesses and absence slightest responsibility for the most severe crimes. Contemplating on such problematic issue of human life as war, I would go as far as to claim that we do not need war and have to learn to live without it. Killing enemies in war, soldiers become automated machines of mass destruction which never stop even before helpless crying child (Calhoun 40). If one’s psychology is so complex that in war they do not distinguish their aims and enemies from helpless women and little childre n, then they should not engage themselves in war at all. Today, we are witnesses of revolutions and overthrowing of national leaders in the Islamic countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. One of the major claims the Colonel Qaddafi’s son has recently made proves the leader’s interests in power and his philosophy that the end justifies the means: â€Å"We will fight until the last man, until the last woman, until the last bullet† (Kirkpatrick).War politics is often based on the assumption that killing combatants in war is self-defending act. It is concluded that war and killing are acceptable. Fighting and killing for one’s country, family, rights is considered to be even honorable. Soldiers are also human beings with their rights to life. Therefore, killing is deliberate deprivation of human life (White 414). In such a chain of logical arguments, it would be reasonable to conclude that end does not justify means. There is a statement which became com monplace during war times: kill or be killed. If to look at this statement from religious perspective, to be killed is honorable, while to kill is not. Furthermore, a person who is forced to kill like a soldier whose â€Å"duty† is to kill, will always have some psychological trauma or, at least, negative images in their mind related to killing and dead bodies of their enemies. Killing in war is similar to some animal instinct for surviving. Hence, any inclination to kill even as a duty in wartime is a rudiment of our ancestors who lived as tribes in caves fighting with their human and non-human enemies for survival. It is neither right nor just to divide soldiers into guilty and not guilty, because they are all the same. They are employed by someone else to do a dirty job which is to kill during a war. Killing then is called â€Å"carrying out of mission† – a very respectful job, one might think. If to assume that killing is self-defense, many combatants are ki lled of another reason, which is their enemy’s duty, to kill (White, 415). Therefore, all the war actions which involve intentional deprivation of someone else’s life cannot be morally excusable, because in most if not all cases it is murder. Killing in war should be looked at from a perspective of immorality of war itself. Duties and responsibilities of a soldier are to be thoroughly looked through and reconsidered. Fullinwider correctly states that killing is

EMC Certification For Laser Printer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EMC Certification For Laser Printer - Essay Example esent satisfactory evidence from tests about their equipment complying with the requirements of the European Union EMC Directive display the CE mark on their equipment. The European Union will not permit sale or import of non-compliant equipment in the European Union and attempts to circumvent this requirement carry fines and terms of imprisonment for those involved. Thus, it is important for all those who want to sell laser printers or other similar equipment in the European Union to understand the process for issuing a declaration of compliance with European Union EMC Directive for a product. This brief report presents a discussion about fulfilling the requirements for declaring a product as EMC compliant to display the CE mark on the product. In the present age of ubiquitous computing, widespread use of electronic circuits of all kind for computation, communication and automation in close proximity to each other has meant that it is now necessary to ensure that devices containing various circuits do not affect each other adversely (Ott, 2009, Pp. 1 – 10). Electronic equipment, including equipment for interfacing with computers, must now operate in the real world environment without generating electromagnetic noise to pollute the radio frequency spectrum to affect adversely other devices or malfunctioning due to the affects of radio frequency interference from devices. The electromagnetic interference phenomenon has become a serious issue for design engineers and this issue is likely to become more serious as the proliferation of devices for various uses increases. Williams (2007, Pp. 1 – 2) states that electromagnetic interference can cause safety critical control systems to malfunction and this is the reas on why portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, are not permitted to be used on board aircrafts. In addition, high levels of electromagnetic energy can potentially cause harm to human health (Williams, 2007, Pp. 21). In view of the threat from

#6 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#6 - Coursework Example This ensures that citizens can go about their daily lives without fear of unreasonable intrusion by the government. Unreasonable search and seizure are both infringement on the rights of individuals to privacy and freedom. Search means the â€Å"examination of a person, place or vehicle for contraband or evidence of a crime† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 195-6). Seizure, on the other hand, means â€Å"the taking by law enforcement or other government agent of contraband, evidence of a crime or even a person into custody† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 195-6). => A stop is one of the ways â€Å"to balance the rights of an individual and the governments need for tools to carry out its jobof protecting society from lawbreakers† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 212). It is â€Å"a brief detention of a person based on specific and articulable facts for the purpose of investigating suspicious activity† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 212). However, a stop should be "[due to a] reasonable suspicion [and not merely a] reasonable belief† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 212). The difference of a stop from an arrest is that in an arrest, â€Å"the person is not free to go† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 212). In an arrest, the Miranda warning is necessary, while in a stop, no such warning is needed. This is because a stop is not a detention and the person is usually free to go after a short time. One good example of a stop is when a driver is stopped because of a simple traffic violation. No Miranda warning is needed, and usually, the driver is free to go after a few minutes (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 212). An arrest, however, is a more complex process. For example, a person is stopped or frisked and the police officer finds a probable cause for an arrest (i.e. drugs found in pockets), then the Miranda warning is delivered and an arrest ensues. => â€Å"A frisk is a limited pat-down search for weapons for the protection

Consulting project Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Consulting project - Research Proposal Example In order to fix the problem the mothers of young kids use greasy hair oils, harmful chemicals, time consuming nit combs, visit exorbitantly priced spas and parlors but almost never get the desired result. The product to be marketed is a vacuum hose attachment with a nit comb attached to the front which provides a convenient, safe and environmentally friendly way for a speedy removal of lice from the head providing instant relief to children from head lice and it will be launched in the Indian market by the name:- LiceSuk International Comparison Program'(2005) suggests that India along with five countries account for nearly half the GDP of total world as measured in PPP. More than half of the world's total population lives in just two countries of the world -India and China. Moreover these are the developing countries of the world which offer higher growth rate as compared to the already developed markets; and the economically developed countries like US and Germany are facing greater heat of recession with surging economic crises. Therefore one can think of investment in either India or China. I took India as the country to develop LiceSuk because there is a need of this new product in an Indian Market and till now no other company has launched this type of product in the Indian Market. Our Vision: Our vision is for LiceSuk to be'accessible on shelves worldwide; providing a safe, environmentally friendly, fast and effective alternative method to remove head lice and lice eggs at an affordable price for all. About LiceSuk: LiceSuk is a vacuum hose attachment with a nit comb attached to the front which provides a convenient, safe and environmentally friendly way for the speedy removal of lice from the head providing instant relief for children from head lice. It is a comb attachment which fits into a standard vacuum hose, utilizing the suction and removing both lice and eggs instantly. The LiceSuk'model'is a simple, lightweight,'hand held device which'has been designed to be placed into a vacuum hose to utilize the suction power, sucking out head lice and lice eggs from the infested hair. LiceSuk'is a safe,'environmentally friendly'alternative method'to the current head lice removal process involving lotions and fine combing. LiceSuk provides instant relief for'all; the lice are removed (sucked out) almost immediately. Features and Benefits of LiceSuk: LiceSuk is a once off purchase and being only 15cm in length it'can be easily stored away'for later use,'it can be used over and over again on the whole family - No more repeatedly buying expensive shampoos and lotions again! LiceSuk is suitable for all hair types (2 comb option, thicker and thinner). LiceSuk saves time as it sucks the'lice and lice eggs out almost instantly - No need for leaving lotions in hair anymore! LiceSuk is a safe alternative method which eliminates the'use of harsh, toxic, smelly chemicals - Great for those with sensitive skin! LiceSuk provides instant relief from the uncomfortable itchy feeling caused from the lice. A modern and ergonomical model, LiceSuk has been designed for ease of use. Maintenance and cleaning is very easy,

McGraw Hill publishing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

McGraw Hill publishing - Research Paper Example In the year 1902, John Hill founded the Hill Publishing company. The two men formed an alliance in the year 1909 and formed an alliance to create the McGraw Hill book publishing company. (McGraw Hill-a â€Å"brief history†) The company has three divisions namely, McGraw Hill Education, Financial Services and Information and media. The McGraw hill education division publishes books for primary, secondary, post secondary and professional education. The information and media business provides industry intelligence, analytics and business solutions for better decision making. The group has the following divisions namely Aviation week, Broadcasting, Business week group, JD Power associates, McGraw Hill construction and Platts group. McGraw Hill companies reported a second quarter Earnings per share of $0.52. The revenue of the company has decreased by about 12.4% to $164.1 million dollars, as compared to last year. The revenue in the education segment has decreased by about 17.2% to $555.2 million dollars in the second quarter. The total operating profit declined by about 70.1% amounting to an amount of $21 million dollars. The foreign exchange rates reduced the net revenue by about $10.1 million in this year. The revenue for the Information and Media segment has dropped by about 11.5% to $ 236.2 million in the second quarter. The foreign exchange rates did not have a great impact on the revenues but it led to a decline of $ 2.5 million in the operating profits. The company declared that due to the current economic slowdown the revenue expectations of the company has been reduced by about one percentage and the company expects the revenues to further decrease. The new guidance for earnings per diluted share has been modified and the new forecast for guidance has now been fixed at $2.2 to $2.25. (McGraw Hill-c â€Å"Investor Relations†). The company is headquartered in New York, USA. It also has

Mythology in Contemporary Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mythology in Contemporary Culture - Essay Example Perhaps the most famous of mythologies in the world is the one that Ancient Greece created. While most mythologies in other parts of the globe dealt with the macabre, the mythology of Greece lavished in stories of love and honor. Unlike other gods, the Greek gods were like humans; with good and bad qualities. They often fell in love and sometimes felt jealousy and hatred. Roman mythology is not far from the Greek one since they derived their stories from them. They merely changed the names of the deities but the stories remained the same. Popol Vuh, on the other hand is a book that contains the records of the mythological narratives and lineage of the rulers of the Quich Maya kingdom of highland Guatemala. This paper deals with contemporary things that echoes the influence of mythology from past times. In writing this paper, we can learn some of the things that are still rooted to common mythology and its impact to society's everyday lives. One of the most enduring of all human practices that has to do with mythology is our use of them in naming heavenly bodies. Let's start off with the planets. The first planet from the sun is Mercury. In Roman mythology, Mercury (Hermes in Greek) is one of the twelve primary gods (Dodekatheon) that reside in Olympus. As messenger of the gods, he is known to be the swiftest of them. It is no wonder that the fastest planet would be named from the fleet-footed Mercury. Another of these planets is Venus, known as the morning star for its brightness. As the goddess of beauty, it is quite explicit that the most brilliant star would be named after her. Our very own planet Earth is personified as Gaea (mother earth). Long before the emergence of the gods, t he earth was inhabited by the Titans. Gaea was one of them and she is married to Uranus (the heaven). Uranus in turn is where the name of the seventh planet is derived. One of Gaea and Uranus' children is Saturn, often identified with the Greek deity Cronus (time). Saturn is also known as the god of agriculture. After it was foretold that one of his children will vanquish him, Cronus devoured each of them after they are delivered. His sixth child, Zeus (Jupiter) was saved by his mother. When Jupiter was strong enough, he saved his siblings from the dreaded body of Cronus and became the leader of the Gods. As the king of heaven and earth and the strongest of them all, it is just obvious for people of modern times to name after him the largest of the planets in our solar system. The fourth planet from the sun, known as Mars, is named after the Roman god of war. It is part of the mythology that Venus fell in love with Mars; thus popularizing the symbols and , which are the symbols of Venus and Mars respectively. It is not hidden knowledge that these are the symbols for the feminine and the masculine; and commonly these symbols complement each other, the way the two deities complement their selves. The eight planet is named after Neptune, the Roman god of the sea and he is the brother of Jupiter. The last planet in our solar system is the Pluto. A small, cold, dark, rocky planet, it's identity is still a mystery to most scientists. However, it is not a mystery to us that the planet is just aptly named since Pluto

Article Review for Research Class Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Review for Class - Research Paper Example The demographic collection of data was done in the two metropolitan cities of china. The samples were different from one another in terms of age and genders of adolescents. The first sample for the method of study included 110 female students from junior high school, out of which 96, 52 and 52 were from grade one, two and three respectively. The first sample was conducted in the Guangzhou city only. The second sample included 114 females and males students from high school out of which 53 were males and 61 were females. The third sample was based upon 270 late adolescents. In this sample 170 students were male while 100 were female students. The third sample included students from the University of Zhejiang. Along with these three samples of male and female students, the researchers conducted the research with the help of a questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the relationship of students with their fathers and mothers. The questionnaire also evaluated the relationships of ado lescents with peers. The questionnaire that was conducted for the research was Inventory of parent and peer attachment that was designed as a self-report (Song, Thompson, & Ferrer, 2009). After the analysis of the qualitative research, it is visible that the design of method greatly supported the main objective of the research that was to analyze the relation between attachment and self-evaluation. The relation had been used in the study to juxtapose the age and gender differences among the adolescents. The method of analysis procedure included the closer evaluation study of age difference in terms of attachment, age differences in terms of self-evaluation, the nature of relationships in terms of the constructs, gender differences in terms of self-evaluation and attachment and most importantly test of variance and factors that loaded variance and covariance

Influence of Music Essay Example for Free

Influence of Music Essay Music and radio has roots in American culture and the way society is today. The different types of music genres have shaped American culture and social behavior of Americans. Audio media has had a major affect and influence on the attitudes of Americans and especially today’s youth and young adults. Music and radio has given American culture its values, the way that jazz, blues, and RB created rock roll, music created American culture. Music appeals to young adults, and youth as an escape to the hard times of real life. Drawn by the explicit lyrics and beats, the youth always searches out for music to dance to and music to connect with. American culture has been steadily changing due to music and what is known as pop culture. The need to be accepted in a certain social group has a lot to do with music. Music brought a cultural shift in the race segregation, black artists playing music with white artists and for mixed audiences. American culture before the 50’s was a strict segregation culture and music allowed for the barrier to be broken. Artists using sexual innuendoes and other antics changed what was the norm of morals and values and put a more â€Å"lax† outlook on such things. Music has influenced the openness of sexuality and sexual orientation. More and more artists are open about their sexuality, making it more of a normal thing in American Culture. Being gay used to be shunned, and now it is openly celebrated. All of these things are because of music. The radio started playing what was known as â€Å"race† music on white stations and this made it so a lot of different Americans can hear and be exposed to a broad range of music. Becoming more acceptable rock and roll, punk, and hip hop have had an impact on the teens and young adults of American culture. The 80’s brought the rebelliousness out of teens with punk rock music, while the 90’s hip-hop has had a big effect on fashion and attitudes of people. Music has shaped American culture in many ways, a way of expressing one’s opinions and bringing groups of people together with similar ideals and opinions. A way of bringing what was different cultures together and making one culture, The American Culture. Rock and Roll is a genre of music that has forever changed the social behavior of Americans. Rock and roll has influenced American culture in the daily life, fashion and attitudes of most Americans. Rock and Roll broke the race barricade, forming in a time of a civil rights movement. Rock and roll was a new form of music that encouraged desegregation. Evolving black artists and white artists playing black music, rock and roll changed the way American culture accepts what was once taboo. Rock and roll put a perception of sex, drugs, and alcohol to be accepted and what is considered â€Å"cool†. Artists singing about doing drugs, or hooking up with random woman made it something to be idolized. Rock and roll influenced young adults to engage in risky behavior. Now is American culture, these things are almost considered normal. Rock and roll shaped fashion and is continuously changing fashion. Fans copy styles of their favorite artists as a way to express one’s self. From ripped up, tight, or baggy pants, long hair, colored hair, or shaved heads, the fashion is always changing. Some fashions coming back and making another appearance in American culture, a lot of fashion comes from Rock and roll. Piercings and tattoos once forbidden, is becoming more and more acceptable in American culture. It is not strange to see business people and stay at home moms with tattoos. Rock and roll has influenced this change in American culture and tattoos are â€Å"normal†. Rock and roll artists have changed the way sexuality and sexual orientation is looked at. Rock and roll has made it okay to be gay and okay to dress how someone wants. Rock and roll has given the care-free attitude to young adults. American culture has changed into a â€Å"screw society, morals and values† type of attitude, based on what rock and roll has made society. Rock and roll has given a sense of community to certain groups of people who share ideals and values, and brings them together into a certain setting. Rock and roll has had a major effect on social behavior of Americans and American culture. Music does affect social behavior and attitudes of Americans. Music gives people an outlet to express their opinions. Audio media has links to American cultures in every decade, changing and molding American into what it is today. Since the 1700’s even, people have sought out music as a way to connect to others. Audio media is an ever changing thing, which will always reflect on the social behavior and attitudes of Americans.

Theories of Intelligence

Theories of Intelligence People are different. Some think faster than others, some learn faster than others. Some are naturally good at art, others are naturally good at math. Some people have a hard time in social situations, and some breeze through them. What causes people to be so different? Intelligence. Intelligence determines a persons potential and how well they are able to learn. However, intelligence is not definitive and simple as there are many factors that make intelligence a complex concept. If the line is blurred between what is and what is not intelligence, how was intelligence initially defined? Intelligence has been theorized, tested, and investigated for a long time. Theories have been made in order to define intelligence. Three prominent theorists have contributed to what the modern world knows today as intelligence. A British psychologist, Charles Spearman theorized that the definition of intelligence among society has a common factor known as general intelligence, also referred to as g, which represents the potential to be rationalize and resolve issues. The other factors of intelligence are known specific factors, which are also referred to as s. Spearman claimed that ones proficiency in a given subject correlates to that of similar subjects (Rathus), yet not a single person is good at everything, and it is no ones fault; the fault lies with the way the mind works. Louis Thurstone was another psychologist who theorized that there were eight separate factors that make up intelligence: visual and spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical anility, verbal meaning, memory, word fluency, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning. Each factor pertained to a certain factor. For example, visual and spatial ability pertains to the ability to conceptualize information, but the verbal meaning factor pertains to the ability to recall words and phrases. Similar to Spearmans theory, Thurstones theory claims a person can be naturally competent in one factor, but significantly less competent in another. (Rathus 210). The last theory originated from Howard Gardener, a recent psychologist who claimed not that there are multiple factors of intelligence, but that intelligence wide foundation with several branches of intelligence. Gardner claimed that the different kinds of intelligence are linguistic, logical-mathematics, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence. Gardener believes social intelligence is as important as academic intelligence. For example, a person could excel in social skills, but not in school. Throughout history, psychologists have formed theories in order to explain what intelligence and how it works. Intelligence plays a part in everyday life. The human ability to function in social situations and learn in academic situations encompasses the general idea what life on earth is. In order to define and categorize intelligence, intelligence tests have been made. According the Encyclopedia of Mind Disorders intelligence tests examine the psychology of a person and evaluate his mentality (Mind Disorders). There four tests that are used most commonly are Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Wechsler-Adult Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Wechsler Primary Preschool Scale of Intelligence, which consist of trials of mathematics, verbal tests, and motor skills. There are advantages and disadvantages to using intelligence tests. The advantages include that testing uniformly measures the capability of a person and can identify gifts within him, opening greater opportunities, as well identities certain learning disabilities in a person, preventing damage to per sist, while the drawbacks include that the tests normally give specific quantities that describe the functionality of a person, but intelligence itself is complex and a one dimensional number does not sufficiently determine a persons intelligence. Another disadvantage of intelligence tests is that the components of one intelligence test can also differ from the components of another intelligence test, altering his measure of intelligence. A common scale used in determining the intelligence of a person within the use of intelligence tests is the intelligence quotient, which is also known as IQ. (Mind Disorders). The average IQ is 100; a person with an IQ lower than 70 to 75 is considered intellectually disabled (WebMD). The bell curve made from IQ tests are able to categorize people from intellectually disabled to genius. In order to try and measure intelligence, tests have been made to investigate and to further advance the unanswered field. Humans are not perfect; there is an incredible variety of different kinds of hindrances that affect the everyday life of all different kinds of people. One type of hindrance that can hold back a person is their ability to learn, or learning disabilities, which can be qualified by below-average intelligence and a lack of ability to perform everyday skills (WebMD). Intellectual functioning pertains to IQ, the ability to learn, rationalize, solve problems, and make decisions. Adaptive behaviors pertain to social intelligence and motor skills. Signs of learning disability include late development of motor skills, late development of communication skills, slower development of everyday skills, difficulty with recalling past event, behavior problems, and difficulty with logical thinking (WebMD). Learning disabilities are determined by degrees of severity ranging from mild to profound. For mild learning disabilities which affects minor academic learning or smaller cognitive abilities such a s short-term memory and mental flexibility. Learning disabilities do not necessarily limit the number of abilities a person can have, but prolong the amount of time it takes a person to learn them. The limitations brought on by learning disabilities include intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. The next degree of severity is called moderate; moderate learning disabilities causes a person to lag behind the rest of his peers academically as well as require assistance for everyday life. The third degree of severity is severe learning disability, which causes a person to have a minimal conceptual understanding and require a caretaker. Finally, the last degree of severity is called profound learning disability, which causes a person to solely rely on the physical world to generate conceptual skills (Association). There are a number of causes that can cause learning disabilities as well. These causes range from genetic conditions to problems during pregnancy and childbirth. Genetic conditions that cause learning disabilities include disorders such as Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and autism.ÂÂ   Injuries such as brain infections and severe head injuries and illnesses such as meningitis and the measles can also cause learning disabilities. Consumption of alcohol or drug use during pregnancy can cause causing fetal alcohol syndrome and malnutrition (WebMD). For situations like pregnancy, learning disabilities and disorders can be prevented. For example, pregnant woman should refrain from drinking alcohol and consider ultrasounds and amniocentesis to identify the potential problem early (WebMD). Intelligence has been theorized, tested, and investigated for a long time. These theories, tests, and investigations have created a better understand of what intelligence is, at least to an extent. Intelligence is hard to define; it is not only the good grades one receives in school, it is also how one functions in everyday life and in social situations. References American Psychological Assocation. n.d. Web. 2 12 2016. Association, American Psychiatric. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publshing, 2013. Print. Mind Disorders. n.d. Web. 03 12 2016. Rathus, Spencer A. Psychology: Principles in Practice. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. 209. Textbook. WebMD. n.d. Web. 3 12 2016.

The Impact Of Internet Marketing

The Impact Of Internet Marketing Internet marketing is also known as digital marketing, web marketing, online marketing, or e-marketing. As the name states, it is the advertising of products or services over the Internet. However, it also implies marketing through the wireless media and through e-mail. Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) systems are also categorized under Internet marketing. IM can be creative, as well as, technical through its design, development, advertising, and sales over the Internet. In the past ten years, the Internet population varied a lot (Sandelands, 1997); an estimation of about 50 percent increase of the World Wide Web (WWW) per month and the numbers of websites double every 53 days (Gilbert, Perry and Widijoso, 1999). A 60 percent of large companies and 30 percent of midsize companies were estimated to make use of the Internet for marketing purposes by the year 2000 (Crain, 1994). In 2003, the first generation of internet users was fresh graduates fast to get the concepts of online commerce and shopping. The WWW is an electronic technology which is an effective means for marketing hotels and it also develops customer relationship in the long-run (Gilbert, Perry and Widijoso, 1999). The Internet allows firms to open a Web site in an electronic mall, have their products available to millions of potential customers and only in a short time period. GE, IBM, Ford, Kraft, and Proctor Gamble were the first to register domain names (Herbig and Hale, 1997). Because Internet grew in only five years (Lagrosen, 2005) and there are no barriers for time or location, internet marketing has become the new era in E-commerce with petty variable cost per customer (Deighton, 1997). Marketers use full color advertising that appeal similar to both -young and old- to attract people all over the world. The Internet is now considered as a much greater resource than traditional means of marketing (Herbig and Hale, 1997). All industries have subject matter experts (SMEs) (Marquis, 2001) who are responsible to unify and apply knowledge from different vendors and sources to solve industry problems. To prepare a Web site merging SME knowledge with other reference sources is one of example of Internet model, (Strauss and Frost, 1999), to retain and attract customers (Heinen, 1996). A well designed Web site can lead to an interesting, low cost means for sales promotion to worldwide customers (Hamill, 1997). Marketers should also refer to the AIDA model-Attent ion, Interest, Desire and Action- to successfully attract customers by introducing the right marketing on Internet (Lagrosen, 2005). 2. Objective of Study The generalized objective of the research is to assess the contribution of internet marketing on effectiveness of marketing and customer relationship management operations in specific reference to Indian organizations and Multi National Corporations (MNCs) operating in India. In the light of the above, the research attempts to have the following specific objectives: 1 To study the impact of internet marketing in attracting buyers to the websites/organizations. 2 To study the impact of internet marketing in retaining buyers of the websites/organizations. 3 To study the impact of internet marketing in maintaining customer loyalty towards the websites/organizations. 4 To study the impact of internet marketing in providing brand experience to the customers of the websites/organizations. 5 To study the impact of internet marketing in maintaining CRM for the customers of the websites/organizations. 3. Scope of Study its Limitations The proposed study would include selected organizations in India, which have used internet marketing for enhancing effectiveness of marketing operations. The impact of internet marketing on attracting buyers, retaining buyers, maintaining customer loyalty, providing brand experience and maintaining CRM would be assessed through structured research techniques. There are some limiting factors that can be called inherent in a research of this nature. These factors advise the following precautions to be observed in understanding and comparing the results. 1. The entire population of the organizations will not be covered under the study. An attempt to study the nature of the population through the limited sample will be made. All the limitations of a sample study shall apply to this research. 2. The values will be sampled from literature, but the problems of representative sample of such values may remain unresolved. 3. The assessment of relative impact of internet marketing is not wholly objective. Evidently, the research would provide rather inadequate basis for generalization about the entire organizational world. 4. The methodology for identification, grouping and measuring of several variables is only one of the different possibilities and is not a perfect one. As such, in an explorative study on assessment of relative impact of internet marketing, these weaknesses are unavoidable and one will have to use the findings with ones maturity and insight to arrive at logical conclusions. 5. The findings of the study may be expected to hold good for top-level and middle-level executives involved in internet marketing in India. 4. Hypothesis The basic hypothesis of the study is that internet marketing positively affects marketing operations. Some of the specific hypotheses are listed below: 1 Higher attraction of customers is positively correlated with usage of internet marketing. 2 Higher retention of customers is positively correlated with usage of internet marketing. 3 Higher loyalty of customers is positively correlated with usage of internet marketing. 4 Better brand experience of customers is positively correlated with usage internet marketing. 5 Better Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is positively correlated with usage of internet marketing. 5. Research Methodology The proposed study is to assess the impact of internet marketing on effectiveness of marketing operations. The functioning of the organizations, which have adopted internet marketing, will be compared against functioning of the same organizations, when internet marketing was not in practice. The backbone of this research is to establish and sustain a clear link between conceptual framework and empirical analysis. The main importance of this consideration comes from the belief that unless the conceptual framework and empirical study are highly integrated, each one of them individually would present a partitioned and distorted image of the research points. For that this study will depend on: Conceptual framework: depending mostly on the secondary data. Empirical study : depending mostly on the primary data. A combined research strategy based on survey and secondary will be carried out in the research by using structured questionnaires and interviews as a primary data collection methods. Suitable statistical techniques like Weighted Mean Analysis and Chi Square Test would be used to analyze the collected data and the conclusions would be drawn for making the recommendations. The proposed study is intended to be carried out for Indian organizations and MNCs operating in this country. The data for the study will be mainly generated through structured questionnaires to be filled up by different managerial personnel and secondary data (research reports) would also be used, wherever necessary. 6. Review of Literature The Internet plays an important role in many companies marketing communication strategies, accounting for $18.5 billion in total spending in 2005. Online advertising now ranges from directory listings of the early days to the more recent multimedia ads enabled by video streaming. Although online advertising technology has advanced to a great extent, consumers reaction toward online advertising did not improve over the years. To the contrary, banner ad click-through rates have steadily declined. Some intrusive online advertising formats have stimulated intense negative reactions from consumers (Edwards, Li and Lee, 2002). Despite its start as an interactive advertising format that should draw consumers, online advertising now faces the danger of becoming another push media and being rejected by consumers as with traditional advertising. These developments run against the trend of integrated marketing communications (IMC). IMC purports the coordination of marketing activities to form a purposeful dialogue with stakeholders (Duncan 2002), which implies the participation of consumers and a need to take consumer preferences into consideration. As a result, two-way interactive communication with consumers should be at the center of marketing communication efforts (Duncan and Moriaty, 1998). The same thinking is reflected in relationship marketing, which treats consumers as a partner in the marketing process and advocates a more intimate approach to marketing (Vargo and Lusch, 2004). This suggests that, for advertising to be truly effective to todays more wary and demanding consumers, it needs to put consumers back into the equation and empower them while getting the message across. This issue is especially critical to online advertising, as it is considered the most interactive form of advertising and has the potential o f leading the advertising industry toward the right direction. While traditional marketing strategies focus mostly on conveying information to consumers and persuading consumers, recent theories argue for a much more active and powerful role of consumers in marketing (Stewart and Pavlou, 2002, Vargo and Lusch, 2004). Consumers are no longer just receivers at one end of the communication continuum but instead actively participate in the marketing process, including the development and distribution of advertisements. As a result, consumers co-construct the meaning of marketing messages and develop a more effective personal relationship with companies. Reflecting this line of thinking, Duncan and Moriaty (1998) argue that the key to communicating effectively with consumers is a two-way exchange built on balance, symmetry, and reciprocity. This calls for attention to consumers needs and preferences in marketing communication. It advocates building long-term relationship with consumers at their willingness rather than pushing products to consumers to create near-term sales. Evidence of the need to attend to consumers needs and preferences can be gleaned from research on the general attitude toward advertising and advertising avoidance. Studies in these areas show that advertising forms that are forced onto consumers without regard to their choices are generally received negatively (Shavitt, Vargas and Lowrey, 2004). Ads in such forms are more likely to be avoided (Speck and Elliott, 1997) and tend to have adverse effects on brand recall and subsequent attitudes (Mehta, 2000). These negative effects have been attributed to the intrusiveness of ad exposure, the disruption of normal communication, and the ensuing annoyance (Shavitt, Vargas and Lowrey, 2004, Speck and Elliott, 1997). Supporting these academic findings, the advertising industry has witnessed in recent years the steady decline of dependence on TV commercials, an advertising form that has been consistently rated as the most negative by consumers due to its intrusive and pushy nature (Mittal, 1 994, Shavitt, Vargas and Lowrey, 2004). Advertisers are now resorting to much softer approaches such as product placement in TV programs and are shifting their focus to less offensive media such as print media and the Internet. Taken together, academic and industry evidences both point to a need to incorporate consumers communication preferences into advertising. As a newly emerged advertising medium, the Internet has the most potential for incorporating consumer preferences into the advertising process and overcoming the negative denotation that comes with traditional media advertising. It is an interactive medium that allows two-way communication between consumers and advertisers (Hoffman and Novak, 1996). With a diverse set of online advertising tools, advertisers can engage in effective multi-stage communication with consumers. For example, with the initial help of banner ads or search engine listings, companies can pull interested consumers to their websites for rich product information and immersive brand experience. The use of online communities can further deepen consumers identification and relationship with the brand. At each step of the process, consumers can actively participate by offering feedback to companies and by controlling the information they receive. Some online advertising formats, such as search engine advertising, del iver highly targeted advertising messages to consumers right when they need the information. All of this contributes to potentially better understanding and incorporation of consumer needs and preferences, which should lead to more effective marketing communication. The same characteristics of the Internet media also present unique challenges to advertisers. The interactive capability of the Internet endows consumers with more control. As a result, they tend to be more demanding and to be less tolerant of forced communication from advertisers. The more goal-oriented and high-involvement nature of Internet media use also means that disruption by advertisements will create more annoyance among consumers. Since some online advertising formats such as interstitials force consumers to deviate from their main goals to respond to the ads, they have been found to create reactance among consumers and to lead to negative perceptions of the advertiser and the advertised products (Edwards, Li and Lee, 2002). This equivocal nature of interactive communication is reflected in the interactivity literature. Although some existing studies have found interactive ads to be more persuasive than non-interactive ads (e.g., Fortin and Dholakia, 2005, Sundar, Kalyanaraman and Brown, 2003), other studies have revealed no or even negative effects of interactivity on persuasion (e.g., Bezjian-Avery, Calder and Iacobucci, 1998, Coyle and Thorson, 2001, Lohtia, Donthu and Hershberger, 2003). Consequently, researchers have pointed out that interactivity may not be advantageous across all consumers and/or all situations (Liu and Shrum, 2002). These conflicting findings show the intricacies of interactive communication and a need to consider how individual consumers may react to interactive advertising messages differently according to their own needs. The key consideration for an online advertiser is to maximize the benefits of the self-selected and interactive nature of the online media, and in the meantime avoid offensive and excessively interactive advertising messages to consumers who do not want to interact. The first step toward this direction is to understand how much consumers are willing to use the Internet in an interactive fashion (rather than as a passive information source as with traditional media) and what drives their desire to do so. In academic research, perceived value is an important component of the Technology Acceptance Model proposed by Davis, Bagozzi and Warshaw (1989) found that perceived usefulness is the most important predictor of peoples intention to use a new information technology, and this finding has been replicated in various other settings, including consumers adoption of online tools and consumers intention to shop at an online store (Gentry and Calantone, 2002, Koufaris, 2002). Within the arena of dyadic communication and relationships, value perception is considered a key contributor to the decision to engage in interactive relationship-oriented behavior. Sheth and Parvatiyar (1995), for example, proposed that consumers are more prone to engage in relational market behavior if the behavior brings values such as efficiency and risk reduction. In an online environment, Ko, Cho, and Roberts (2005) found that consumers needs for convenience and social interaction and the perceived ability of the Internet to fulfill such needs have a positive impact on consumers interaction intentions. While perceived value is a motivator of online interaction, perceived risk can deter a consumer from interacting online. Following Stone and Gronhaug (1993), perceived risk is defined as subjective expectations of loss as a result of interacting online. Research on traditional communication demonstrates a link between perceived risk and an individuals willingness to interact. When individuals perceive a certain situation to be uncertain and risky, they are likely to withdraw socially and exhibit a reluctance to engage in interaction (McCroskey, 1984, Neuliep and Ryan, 1998). Risk is a central topic to online marketing (Olivero and Lunt, 2004). On the Internet, face-to-face communication is replaced with screen-to-face communication. This virtual nature of the Internet brings uncertainty and risk to online communication and may prevent consumers from interacting more online. For example, an advertiser may attempt to elicit interaction from a consumer by sending a promotional email linking to additional information. But if the consumer perceives clicking on such email links as risky, he or she is unlikely to take the further step even if there is some interest in the product. Indeed, studies by industry, government, and academic resea rchers all recognize perceived risk as a big obstacle to the expansion of e-commerce (Federal Trade Federal Trade Commission, 2000, Grabner-Kraeuter, 2002, Miyazaki and Fernandez, 2001, Olivero and Lunt, 2004). The research has shown that the degree of an individuals privacy and security concerns vary with the individuals education (Burke, 2002), Internet experience (Miyazaki and Fernandez, 2001), and his or her general propensity to trust (Lee and Turban, 2001, Uslaner, 2000). The different degrees of concern can lead to variations in perceived risk and thus lead to different levels of willingness to engage in online interaction. Time-pressedness refers to a consumers general lack of time in completing the tasks in daily life. Lack of time is a common syndrome of todays fast-paced lifestyle. This time-pressedness, felt to different degrees by different consumers, can have a double-edged effect on consumers usage of the Internet. Consumers may use the Internet more because of its timesaving benefits (Alba, Lynch, Weitz, Janiszewski, Lutz, Sawyer and Wood, 1997). For example, instead of consulting daily newspaper and TV for availability of products and services, consumers can quickly research a large assortment of products on the Internet. The constant availability of the Internet also appeals to consumers with a tight schedule. However, two-way communication is highly engaging and time-consuming (Liu and Shrum, 2002). In studies of interactivity, researchers have demonstrated that the speed of a communication constitutes an important dimension of how interactive the communication is. A more synchronized communication leads to higher satisfaction and more positive attitude toward the communication target (Liu and Shrum, 2002). Industry research shows that consumers who have a faster broadband Internet connection engage in a wider variety of activities than consumers with regular dial-up connections (Horrigan, 2003). Some of these activities, such as email and online chatting, are especially communication-oriented. Such differences between broadband and dial-up Internet users can be attributed partially to the fact that a constant-on broadband connection provides greater convenience than a dial-up connection. Not only does it provide the consumer more opportunities to interact online, its high connection speed also allows richer communication formats such as voice chatting and rich media advertising . This makes the Internet a better choice for substituting or complementing other communication channels (Daft and Lengel, 1986). 7. Chapterization Scheme Chapter 01 Introduction The first chapter of the proposed research would be devoted to the history of internet marketing and would review the transformation of marketing from traditional to customer centric internet marketing. In particular, this chapter would discuss various possible contributions of internet marketing towards fulfillment of strategic goals of organizations with special reference to India. This chapter would elaborate the research plan and objectives. This chapter would also outline the hypotheses and conclusions. Chapter 02 Research Methodology This chapter of the proposed research would be devoted to establish and sustain a clear link between conceptual framework and empirical analysis. There would be special emphasis on integrating conceptual framework with empirical study. The research tools, data collection tools, data analysis tools would be elaborated in this chapter. The sample size, sampling method and justification for usage in research would also be elaborated. Chapter 03 Attraction and Retention of Customers This chapter of the proposed research would differentiate between Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Consumer (B2C) marketplaces. This chapter would further describe how and why customers purchase online and why consumers are attracted to particular suppliers. Online and off-line customers would be compared in order to understand reasons for observed differences. Various antecedents of the online experience would be addressed to determine influences on satisfaction and buying behavior. Web site efficacy (usefulness and ease-of-use) would be addressed in light of its importance in customer satisfaction and retention for online shopping. The chapter would conclude with insights for internet marketers to attract new buyers, satisfy, and retain them. Chapter 04 Customer Loyalty This chapter of the proposed research would discuss the importance of an integrated framework for understanding the impact of corporate image, customer trust, and customer value on e-customer loyalty in a B2C e-commerce context. This framework would incorporate cognitive and affective components in order to gain customer mind share, nurture emotional ties, and influence future purchase decisions. Chapter 05 Brand Experience This chapter of the proposed research would make a case for the importance of branding efforts by reviewing major approaches to brand development in both offline and online marketing environments. The concept of Interactive Brand Experiences (IBE) would be created and explored via the use of marketing tools, such as personalization, co-creation, purchase-process streamlining, self-service, brand community, rich media, product self-design, dynamic pricing, and customization. This chapter would deal with two major challenges involved in integrating branding efforts in online and off-line spaces: (1) identifying the appropriate techniques and the media best suited to deliver them and (2) executing seamlessly at all touch points in the process. Chapter 06 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) This chapter of the proposed research would elaborate how the Internet has emerged as a powerful electronic customer relationship management tool. This chapter would emphasize that this tool is of practical use only when consumers are willing to provide the type of information that is of value to the internet marketer. Consumer willingness to provide personal information is a cornerstone of customer relationship management. This chapter would explore how consumers self-confidence in using the Internet impacts their willingness to provide personal information online. Chapter 07 Analysis and Interpretation of Data This chapter of the proposed research would analyze the collected data and would also interpret the findings after application of statistical tools. Chapter 08 Summary of Findings, Conclusions, Limitations and Further Scope of Research This final chapter of the proposed research would summarize findings, draw conclusions and elaborate on limitations of the proposed research. This chapter would present a futuristic look at internet marketing in the decades to come through future research. In particular, this chapter would highlight the needs of organizations towards adoption of internet marketing in congruence with business strategies. In addition, this chapter would offer some valuable suggestions for the internet marketing professionals of the future. References Alba, Joseph, John Lynch, Barton Weitz, Chris Janiszewski, Richard Lutz, Alan Sawyer, and Stacy Wood. Interactive Home Shopping: Consumer, Retailer, and Manufacturer Incentives to Participate in Electronic Marketplaces. Journal of Marketing 61, 3 (1997): 38-53. Bezjian-Avery, Alexa, Bobby Calder, and Dawn Iacobucci. New Media Interactive Advertising Vs. Traditional Advertising. Journal of Advertising Research 38, July/August (1998): 23-32. Burke, Raymond R. Technology and the Customer Interface: What Consumers Want in the Physical and Virtual Store. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 30, 4 (2002): 411-432. Coyle, James R., and Esther Thorson. The Effects of Progressive Levels of Interactivity and Vividness in Web Marketing Sites. Journal of Advertising 30, Fall (2001): 65-77. Daft, Richard L., and Robert H. Lengel. Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design. Management Science 32, 5 (1986): 554-571. David C. Gilbert, Jan Powell-Perry and Sianandar Widijoso (1999), Approaches by hotels to the use of the Internet as a relationship marketing tool, Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 21-38. Davis, Fred D., Richard P. Bagozzi, and Paul R. Warshaw. User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. Management Science 35, 8 (1989): 982-1003. Deighton, J. (1997), Commentary on exploring the implications of the Internet for consumer marketing, Academy of Marketing Science, vol.25 No.4, pp.329-46. Duncan, Tom, and Sandra E. Moriaty. A Communication-Based Marketing Model for Managing Relationships. Journal of Marketing 62, 2 (1998): 1-13. Duncan, Tom. IMC Using Advertising and Promotion to Build Brands (International Edition), New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002. Edwards, Steven M., Hairong Li, and Joo-Hyun Lee. Forced Exposure and Psychological Reactance: Antecedents and Consequences of the Perceived Intrusiveness of Pop-up Ads. Journal of Advertising 31, 3 (2002): 83-95. Eric Sandelands (1997), Utilizing the Internet for marketing success, Pricing Strategy Practice, Volume 5, No 1, pp.7-12. Federal Trade Commission. Privacy Online: Fair Information Practices in the Electronic Marketplace, available online at http://www.ftc.gov/reports/privacy2000/privacy2000.pdf, 2000. Fortin, David R., and Ruby Roy Dholakia. Interactivity and Vividness Effects on Social Presence and Involvement with a Web-Based Advertisement. Journal of Business Research 58, 3 (2005): 387-396. Gentry, Lance, and Roger Calantone. A Comparison of Three Models to Explain Shop-Bot Use on the Web. Psychology Marketing 19, 11 (2002): 945-956. Grabner-Kraeuter, Sonja. The Role of Consumers Trust in Online-Shopping. Journal of Business Ethics 39, 1/2 (2002): 43-50. Hoffman, Donna L., and Thomas P. Novak. Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations. Journal of Marketing 60, 3 (1996): 50-68. Horrigan, John B. Adoption of Broadband to the Home. PEW Internet and American Life Project, available online at http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Broadband_adoption.pdf, 2003. Jim Hamill (1997), The Internet and international marketing, International Marketing Review, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp.300-323. Joseph Heinen (1996), Internet marketing practices, Information Management Computer Security, 4/5, pp. 7-14. Ko, Hanjun, Chang-Hoan Cho, and Marilyn S. Roberts. Internet Uses and Gratifications. Journal of Advertising 34, 2 (2005): 57-70. Koufaris, Marios. Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to Online Consumer Behavior. Information Systems Research 13, 2 (2002): 205-224. Lee, Matthew K. O., and Efraim Turban. A Trust Model for Consumer Internet Shopping. International Journal of Electronic Commerce 6, 1 (2001): 75-91. Liu, Yuping, and L. J. Shrum. What Is Interactivity and Is It Always Such a Good Thing? Implications of Definition, Person, and Situation for the Influence of Interactivity on Advertising Effectiveness. Journal of Advertising 31, 4 (2002): 53-64. Lohtia, Ritu, Naveen Donthu, and Edmund K. Hershberger. The Impact of Content and Design Elements on Banner Advertising Click-through Rates. Journal of Advertising Research 43, 4 (2003): 410-418. Marquis, S. (2001), Lets not ignore the potential of the Web as a mass ad medium, Marketing, March, p. 26. [14] Boutie, P. (1997), Tales from the Web: What do Marketers Do on the Internet Today? What Works? Why?, European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (ESOMAR), Amsterdam. McCroskey, James C. The Communication Apprehension Perspective. In Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension, J. A. Daly and J. C. McCroskey, eds., Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1984. Mittal, Banwari. Public Assessment of TV Advertising: Faint Praise and Harsh Criticism. Journal of Advertising Research 34, 1 (1994): 35-53. Miyazaki, Anthony D., and Ana Fernandez. Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and Security Risks for Online Shopping. The Journal of Consumer Affairs 35, 1 (2001): 27-44. Neuliep, James W., and Daniel J. Ryan. The Influence of Intercultural Communication Apprehension and Socio-Communicative Orientation During Initial Cross-Cultural Interaction. Communication Quarterly 46, 1 (1998): 88-99. Olivero, Nadia, and Peter Lunt. Privacy Versus Willingness to Disclose in E-Commerce Exchanges: The Effect of Risk Awareness on the Relative Role of Trust and Control. Journal of Economic Psychology 25, 2 (2004): 243-262. Paul Herbig and Brian Hale (1997), Internet: the marketing challenge of the twentieth century, Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, Volume 7, Number 2, pp. 95-100. Shavitt, Sharon, Patrick Vargas, and Pamela Lowrey. Exploring the Role of Memory for SelfSelected Ad Experiences: Are Some Advertising Media Better Liked Than Others? Psychology Marketing 21, 12 (2004): 1011-1032. Sheth, Jagdish N., and Atul Parvatiyar. Relationship Marketing in Consumer Markets: Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 23, 4 (1995): 255-271. Speck, Paul Surgi, and Michael T. Elliott. Predictors of Advertising Avoidance in Print and Broadcast Media. Journal of Advertising 26, 3 (1997): 61-76. Stephan lagrosen (2005), Effects of the internet on the marketing communication of service companies, Journal of Services Marketing, 19/2, pp. 63-69. Stewart, David, and Paul Pavlou. From Consumer Response to Active Consumer: Measuring the Effectiveness of Interactive Media. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science 30, 4 (2002): 376-396. Stone, Robert N., and Kjell Gronhaug. Perceived Risk: Further Considerations for the Marketing Dis. European Journal of Marketing 27, 3 (1993): 39-52. Strauss, J. and Frost

Destruction and Failure of a Generation in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsb

The Great Gatsby and the Destruction of a Generation      Ã‚   The beauty and splendor of Gatsby's parties masks the decay and corruption that lay at the heart of the Roaring Twenties. The society of the Jazz Age, as observed by Fitzgerald, is morally bankrupt, and thus continually plagued by a crisis of character. Jay Gatsby, though he struggles to be a part of this world, remains unalterably an outsider. His life is a grand irony, in that it is a caricature of Twenties-style ostentation: his closet overflows with custom-made shirts; his lawn teems with "the right people," all engaged in the serious work of absolute triviality; his mannerisms (his false British accent, his old-boy friendliness) are laughably affected. Despite all this, he can never be truly a part of the corruption that surrounds him: he remains intrinsically "great." Nick Carrway reflects that Gatsby's determination, his lofty goals, and most importantly the grand character of his dreams sets him above his vulgar contemporaries. F. Scott Fitzgerald constructs Gatsby a s a true American dreamer, set against the decay of American society during the 1920s. By eulogizing the tragic fate of dreamers, Fitzgerald thereby denounces 1920s America as an age of blindness and greed an age hostile to the work of dreaming. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald heralds the ruin of his own generation.    Since America has always held its entrepreneurs in the highest regard, one might expect Fitzgerald to glorify this heroic version of the American Dreamer in the pages of his novel. Instead, Fitzgerald suggests that the societal corruption which prevailed in the 1920s was uniquely inhospitable to dreamers; in fact, it was these men who led the most unfortunate lives of all... ...ible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1995. Fielder, Leslie. "Some Notes on F. Scott Fitzgerald." Mizener 70-76. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1925. New York: Scribner Classic, 1986. Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes. New York: Pantheon, 1994. Posnock, Ross. "'A New World, Material Without Being Real': Fitzgerald's Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby." Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby." Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 201-13. Raleigh, John Henry. "F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby." Mizener 99-103. Spindler, Michael. American Literature and Social Change. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1983. Trilling, Lionel. "F. Scott Fitzgerald." Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby." Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 13-20.   

John as Role Model for Husbands in The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow W

Modern day feminists' enjoy looking into the past to find examples of female oppression. This tactic is employed in the hopes of demonstrating that oppression of their sex by the evil male populous has been going on for decades. One such work that is cited by feminists to showcase just how terrible women were treated in the first part of the twentieth century is Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper." Feminists' are quick to point out that the main character in this story is driven down the path of insanity by her uncaring husband. It is of their opinion that John, the main character's husband, consistently neglects her by keeping her locked away upstairs. Other feminists argue that the main character was not actually insane, rather, she was pushed into a temporary state of delirium as a result of the state of confinement that her husband subjected her to. These same feminists will say that John's consistent misdiagnosis of his wife's condition smacks of incompetence. It i s their theory that if the main character were a man during this same period of time, doctors would have treated the condition differently. In other words, men were not diagnosed with hysteria and bedridden for three months when they became depressed. As mentioned before, this is what some modern day feminists think. This is in stark contrast to the interpretation by us modern day realists. John was a good husband that cared deeply about his wife's condition. He is described at the beginning of the story as being "a physician in high standing" (The Norton Anthology, p. 658). This description alone offers deep insight into what kind of treatment his wife was receiving. It is hard to imagine that any woman who is married to an extremely prominent doct... ...he would have taken that golden opportunity to flee the so-called dungeon that her husband had created for her. It can only be assumed that she enjoyed the prison that she created for herself since she didn't flee at any moment of opportunity. In summary, John should be championed as a role model for all aspiring husbands. He consistently showed complete devotion and concern for his wife throughout the story. He did everything within his power to make sure that she would have an expedited recovery from her ailments. John bent over backwards to ensure that all of his wife's needs were taken care of. Leave it to modern day feminists to find harm in that.      Bibliography Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper". The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Ed. Nina Baym. Fifth Edition, Volume 2. W.W. Norton & Company, New York. 1998. P. 657-69.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Not only are we the class of 2006, but those you see before you now are also the future of our society. Our generation has, thus far, failed to establish the same type of defining characteristic as our predecessors. We are not the Baby Boomers, the Flower Children, or the Generation Xers. Instead, we are the most worldly generation yet to come. There is no doubt that our exposure to a vast array of media has permanently shaped our lives. However, only our futures will tell to what effect. As we look forward into the great "Abyss" that is our future, "Titanic" opportunities surround us. As the end of our "Nine Months" nears, many of us will choose to further our academic educations while still others will further their vocational skills in the workplace. Whatever each of us chooses, we cannot be "Clueless" in that the decisions that we make today will lead us either to a personal "Armageddon" or to becoming "Larger Than Life." Today is our "Judgment Day." At this very moment, our ability to determine our fates is "As Good As it Gets." We are faced with the option of continuing to go "Good Will Hunting." Do we choose to live selfishly, consumed by the present, or plan our lives as though we were going "Back to the Future"? We must take "The Stand" to ensure that, with all due "Speed" the lives that we begin to sculpt for ourselves tonight are worthy of our time and effort, and will be more than just financially rewarding. This is a part of "The Big Picture." If we allow ourselves to be consumed by the things that we've always been told we should want, we quickly find that "Reality Bites." Before chasing after a certain lifestyle, like fortune, "Fame, Mo' Money," or "Absolute Power," we need to determine what we want from life. If these factors are truly important, then by all means, we must chase after our dreams with the attitude of "I'll Do Anything" to achieve my goals. However, we must never allow our morals, ethics, beliefs or goals be compromised. We will never be happy if we allow our individual beliefs to be "Ransomed" by the false ethics of others. We must be true to ourselves, and remember that you "Can't Buy Me Love" or happiness. No matter how well we conform to the ideals of others, we can never be happy if we fail to conform to our own.

Howard Zinn Essay

Howard Zinn was born on December 7 19922 in Brooklyn New York. Zinn was raised in a working-class family in Brooklyn, and flew bombing missions for the United States in World War 2, which experience he uses to shape his opposition to war. Howard Zinn is one of the most respected historians, the author of various books and plays, and a passionate activist for radical change. A clear statement of his nature is his autobiography You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train. He is perhaps best known for A People’s History of the United Sates, which presents American history through the eyes of those outside of the political and economic establishment, like the Native Americans, slaves, women, blacks, etc. In his essay â€Å"Violence and Human Nature† Howard Zinn points that; even if humans are capable of violent behavior, it is social conditions that harness that cruelty. He warns us to steer clear of the widespread notion that humans are biologically predisposed to violen ce and warfare. Mr. Zinn starts off by using an arsenal of famous thinkers, pointing out their pessimistic views and believes on human behavior. Views based on no concrete evidence that we humans are born with this trait called violence. Zinn starts off using Machiavelli’s positive view in the â€Å"The Prince† that humans tend to be bad. Zinn add great minds such as Einstein and Freud and their correspondence to illustrate their own views on the subject, and their conclusions that humans are violent by nature. Other scholars are also thrown in to support this traditional view of human nature being evil. The writer goes on with the idea that scientific evidence doesn’t proves it, and that is the notion that humans are in nature prone to violence. Howard picks on some scientific fields to show as that there is no evidence of human instinct for the kind of aggressive hostility that characterizes war. He turns to sociobiology, where the Harvard professor E.O Wilson in his book â€Å"On Human nature† answers with a yes on the question â€Å"Are human beings innately aggressive?† and finds his evidence not in his field but as Freud did in History. Wilson goes on to describe that humans are born with such a trait as violence, that we own it to our genes. Zinn counter attacks this with the following, Stephen Jay Gould a colleague of Wilson and a expert in evolution categorically just replies when asked that there no evidence for  such a statement by Wilson. Zinn is starting to show us an interesting pattern, a blueprint that clearly show us that every explanation from those important people look to root their selves with evidence found only in History. Zinn invites us to illustrate why History is being picked as the field from where those people can pull their evidence of Human violence. It’s easily proven when you choose humans to be evil, you just need to pick your example, and history is flooded with it. Zinn shows us that there is a down side of it picking on history, because it depends on which historical events you examine to be in your favor. It’s dangerous and very biased to follow this trail. Zinn goes on to convince us that our concentration get deflected by the real cause of violence and war. Zinn uses the 1986 international conference of scientists in Spain to express their conclusion on the question of human nature and violent aggression, to lure as to the very point of the whole essay that society has the power to harness this violent instinct in humans, and not our biological makeup. To further straighten his observation, Zinn uses the well-known Milgram experiment. In sum, carefully controlled experiments demonstrate that we follow others more often than we might like to think. However, it also seems to true that we don’t always conform. We are more likely to conform when authority figures are close by, and are more likely to express our individuality and dissent when the consequences of our actions are more apparent. Also from the area of anthropology Zinn uses the two tribes of The Forest People and The Mountain People from the studies of Colin Turnbull, to show us what an impact can an out side disturbance have on one tribe, which brought out a violent behavior in them. But the second tribe uninterrupted continued on a gentle and peaceful life. Howard decided to turn our attention from all does academic studies to the war itself. He gives himself as an example to explain war. Zinn argues that he and his fellow soldiers killed as a result of a set of experiences that  brought them to the front lines of war, not because they felt an instinctual compel to do so. He doesn’t view the soldier’s willingness to go to war as genuine to their human nature but is rather triggered by existing social conditions. This is what is expected from you, the pressure of people around him to do his duty. Zinn recalls being brought up to trust that the nation’s political leaders would make just and fair choices, and that the world was divided into good and bad countries, his own country being one of the good. He also recalls being trained not to question orders and being reminded that there was no reason to question those orders since they all stemmed from good political leaders and you should obey those people. Ones in the war and having such obedience, produced in him by his society, a soldier easily demonstrates the power of culture in extreme ways, like for example the My Lai Massacre. Where a detachment of units annihilated a whole village consisted only by elderly people, women and children. Zinn decides to show us that in the aftermath of the massacre, GI’s as in the case of Charles Hutto said that he did what he was told to do. But we see that also a helicopter offices decides to save as much people as he can from the village below, Howard suggests that men are disposed to war under certain setting. Society should come to turns to this power which it holds over people harnessing this violent instinct and avoid doing so at all costs.

The American Health Care System’s Limited Access

nominate and discuss the factors that limit penetration to wellness c be services for many pile in America. According to a create templet for providers entitled Achieving Cultural competency A Guidebook for Providers of Services to honest-to-god Americans and Their Families (January 2001), there atomic number 18 deuce customary and native factors that limit certain conventions of the American population in their plan of attack to give up wellness care. These are the structural barriers and the cultural barriers.Structural barriers are further categorize into two sub-factors. These are the External barrier factors such(prenominal)(prenominal) as overlook of health indemnity coverage and come forth of pocket cost and the Logistical difficulty factors such as neglect of transportation, language difficulty (or comprehension) and analphabetism (CC Guidebook, 2001).Meanwhile, Cultural barriers are also categorized into internal and external factors. Internal factors are those caused by traditional practices among certain heathen groups a alike Asiatics particularly the older Chinese generation who refuse to reveal flesh out about their affliction or malady because they regard these matters as purely personalized and should be kept within tight-fitting family circles only. Particularities of these traditional beliefs normally affect the formulation of a more thorough health scanning and diagnosis, thus resulting to vulgar misdiagnoses or prognoses (CC Guidebook, 2001).Cultural external factors include a lack of comprehensive background data or earlier studies about the cultural nuances and statistics for these underserved minority groups (CC Guidebook, 2001). As a direct result, the lack of available research data affects the determination of policy makers and federal level planners to check cultural nuances into intervention programs that could break the bring down of a cultural block or absence of data.Furthermore, policy makers te nd to group together certain social groups as those not removeing specific care like nursing home services or elder care because of the assumption or misconception that all elderly people from a specific ethnic group like the Hispanics who have close personal ties and the Asian groups, that they will take care of their elderly. look for did confirm this fact (CC Guidebook, 2001, p10) but this shouldnt be the norm or primary continuing assumption in the future. To ingeminate from the Guidebook (CC Guidebook, 2001, p10)Research does confirm that a significant proportion of minority elders give-up the ghost with their family. Unmarried older African Americans are twice as apt(predicate) to spicy with familymembers as blanks, Hispanic American and Asian American elders are three times as in all probability, and half of urban primordial American elders live with family members (controlling for income, health status, and another(prenominal)(a) characteristics).2. Identify the specific populations and groups that face difficulties with access to health care services.According to the Fact airplane published by the Agency for healthcare Research and Quality, two predominant ethnic minority groups lack the basic access to primary and preventive care in the US. These groups are the African-Americand and the Hispanic population in the US (AHRQ, February 2000). To quoteAbout 30 per centum of Hispanic and 20 percent of black Americans lack a usual source of health care compared with slight than 16 percent of whites.Hispanic children are some three times as likely as non-Hispanic white children to have no usual source of health care.African Americans and Hispanic Americans are far more likely to rely on hospitals or clinics for their usual source of care than are white Americans (16 and 13 percent, respectively, v. 8 percent).These data from AHRQ and other agencies such as the Department of health and Human Services make the (HHS) formed the basic tenets a nd foundation for the 18 out of 28 focal areas for their Ten course of instruction Plan entitled wellnessy lot 2010. Six out of these 18 focal areas are geared toward eliminating factors to health barriers and disparities such as gender, race or ethnicity, upbringing or income, disability, geographic location, or inner orientation. According to the OMH, there is Compelling demonstration indicates that race and ethnicity correlate with persistent, and often increasing, health disparities among U.S. populations in all these categories and demands national upkeep (Fact Sheet, AHRQ, 2000).ReferencesAchieving Cultural Competence A Guidebook for Providers of Services to Older Americans and Their Families (January 2001). (Chapter 10 and 11). Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From https//aoa.acl.gov/search=Achieving%20Cultural%20CompetenceAddressing racial and social Disparities in Health Care. Fact Sheet, February 2000. AHRQ Publication none 00-PO41. Agency for Healthcare Research a nd Quality, Rockville, MD. Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From https//www.ahrq.gov/research/disparit.htmCover the Uninsured Week 2007 (April 23 to 29). Retrieved from the homepage on February 28, 2007. From http//www.rwjf.org/en/library/articles-and-news/2011/06/looking-back-on-cover-the-uninsured-week.html?cid=xdr_ccs_001Keppel, K. et. al. national Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Trends in Racial and cultural-Specific Rates for the Health Status Indicators united States, 1990-98. Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt23.pdfNational Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Midcourse Assessment of Healthy People 2010 remnant II (PPT). (2006). Retrieved on February 28, 2007. Fromhttp//www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/4/176/PatientversionFINAL.pdfOffice of Minority Health website. Eliminating Racial & Ethnic Health Disparities.Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From http//www.cdc.gov/omh/AboutUs/disparities.htmWhat Healthcare Consum ers need to know about Racial and Ethnic disparities in Healthcare. (March 2002). Institute of Medicine. Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From http//www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/4/176/PatientversionFINAL.pdf