Phobias Essay -- essays research papers

Phobias     Phobias be a very common disorder in the United States these days. The definition for phobic neurosis is "an abnormal or morbid fear or aversion" ("Oxford" 655). To be considered a phobia, a fear must cause great distress or interfere with a person&8217s life in a major way. The word phobia is Greek, therefore, any word that proceeds it should be Greek too. To coin a new phobia name, it is proper and only accepted to follow this rule. The rule has been broken galore(postnominal) times in the past, especially by the medical profession. The medical profession is steeped in Latin and many times when forming a name for phobia, they use Latin. There are three kinds of phobias simple phobia, social phobia, and panic attacks. Simple phobias, also called particular proposition phobias, are fears of a specific thing, such as spiders or being in a closed place. Most simple phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. Speci fic phobia is a marked fear of a specific object or situation. It is a category for any phobias other than agoraphobia and social phobia. The categories of specific phobias are 1. situational phobias such as fear of elevators, airplanes, enclosed places, public transportation, tunnels, or bridges 2. fear of the natural environment such as storms, water, or senior high 3. animal phobias such as fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice 4. blood-injection-injury phobia such as fear of seeing blood or an injury, or of receiving an injection. (Wood 520). Social phobias are fears of being in situations where your activities can be watched and judged by others. People with social phobias try to avoid social functions at all costs and find excuses non to go to parties or out on dates. This avoidance is the difference between having a social phobia and simply just being shy.Panic attacks are the third kind of phobia. They can change the quality of a person&8217s life. Someone with a phobi a this bad may be shopping at the supermarket and suddenly experience dizziness and a feeling of being out of control. At that moment, the person experiences a fear of dying, with no adept place to go. When this happens more than once, the person might think they are going crazy. Someone with panic attacks soon won&8217t leave the tolerate because of fear of a panic attack happening outside the house. Soon, depression s... ...6. Generalization from the original phobic stimulus to stimuli of a similar nature leave occur 7. Noxious experiences which occur under conditions of excessive confinement are more likely to produce phobic reactions 8. Neutral stimuli which are associated with a vesicatory experience, may develop motivating properties. This acquired drive is termed the fear drive 9. Responses (such as avoidance) which reduce the fear drive are reinforced 10. Phobic reactions can be acquired vicariously (Rachman 31). These theories are used to identify how people obtain phobias and other situations that may occur with phobias.      In conclusion, phobias are a big part of many people&8217s lives these days and a growing medical condition. People do not realize how badly phobias can affect their lives so they don&8217t receive medical attention. There are no cures for phobias but there are treatments which will help the phobic abridge over their fear. I personally believe that if people care enough about their lives, they will treat their phobias. Phobias can totally alter your life so if you have any of the symptoms I have listed above, please go and get treatment.

Steps in building a shed :: essays papers

Steps in building a chuckWhat ever the look or stipulation of your property it can probably be improved in some way by building a shed. Wether its purely for decoration or a specific function in that respect ar many reasons for building a shed. If you construct the shed yourself it can save you money because you dont see to pay for labor. Another benefit is that you get to add your own character to it and have it just the way you want it. You dont have to take root for a prefabricated average shed. you get the chance to tailor it to your needs and preferences. Not only can you save money by building it your self, you get the gratification of knowing that you made it . The first step in building a shed is deciding its intended purpose. Its purpose willing probably determine the size, make and cost of the shed. If its for improving the image of your landscape it will probably be a medium size shed but with lots of detail, which will ontogeny the cost of construction. You migh t want to add windows to make the shed more appealing. A nice paint finished exterior gives you an opportunity to make the assumption match its surroundings such as the color of your house. If the shed is for tool storage and working area its going to need to be large plentiful to accommodate both you and youre equipment. The increase in size means an increase in cost. Since its a storage, or work shed there is no real need to make it all that elaborate. Which will save a lot of money. If you will be spending a lot of snip out in the shed it would be a good idea to make it a comfortable environment to work in. Adding insulation in the walls will keep out the cold and maintain cool in the heat. Since there will probably be power tools that need electricity to run the shed should have some sort of electric source. You can simply run an extension cord from your house to the shed as a cheap alternative. If you are looking for something more professional and permanent, electric outlet s can be installed inside the shed. most people are not electricians this should not be attempted by any novice do-it your selfer. Shelves are a good idea to increase interior storage space and incorporate the whole shed into usable space.

Cases of Influenza :: Journalism Influenza Health Essays

Cases of InfluenzaST. LOUIS, Missouri.--The State Health Department has confirmed that there contain been 666 new cases of influenza today, 134 more since yesterday. Also it has been confirmed, sadly, that there has been 59 deaths, up 15 since yesterday, and making the grand total at 5,067 deaths in scantily three weeks. 21 of the deaths recorded yesterday were of pneumonia. Thus this epidemic seems to weaken the body so much that it is not the only cause of death, pneumonia is as well. As we keep track of the new cases and of the fatal ones, they have urged the public to stay calm as they are trying to do everything in their power to come in an end to this. They are spending all hours seeking the source and coming up with a cure. At a time while our boys are oversea fighting and some losing their lives, the people in St. Louis are battling their own problems with this epidemic. It almost seems the casualty numbers are mimicking each other, not to say they are miserable fr om the same kind of fate. Just a shame that there are two wars going on two different fronts, one overseas in Europe and the other here at home, trying to battle this disease, virus, bacteria, whatever it is. So far they are unclear as to where the disease came from and how it spreads. There have been several theories as to what the culprit is and what the public should do in response to this news. One doctor feels that people should avoid all contact with other people, termination all public arenas, and going as far as wearing masks outside. Some doctors disagree with this, claiming it is unwarranted and unnecessary. They just feel that people should be healthy and keep a safe distance from people and areas that look unclean. Also they warn to stay away from alleyways and animals that fester in them. It might be that these cruddy animals are harboring the disease and spreading it from fleas or other contagious ways. However, it has been seen that most cases of the influen za are stemming from the inner-city. There are instances of people outside of the inner-city but not as numerous. So department officials have been sent to the inner-city to gather evidence and try to track any trends stemming from the start and spread of this disease.

Magic in The Descent of Innana and Sappho Essay -- Descent Innana Sapp

Magic in The Descent of Innana and SapphoIn the ancient text The Descent of Innana and the lyric poetry of Sappho, language is viewed as sorcerous. Not only be the words themselves acting as magic, as in an invocation, but other things manifest themselves as magic throughout the kit and caboodle. The most harsh throughout the works of Sappho is that of love. Sappho in addition shows us the magic of everyday life in many of her poems. Finally, the writing down of the works performs a magic all of its own the magic of continuation. Through the writing of their works the story of Innana and the poetry of Sappho will live on forever. The most obvious use of language as magic is in The Descent of Innana. This text is actually all about language as magic. It originated as a ritual that was reenacted along with group purposeicipation as part of a religion. Innana is the earth goddess and in this ritual the story of the past is invoked to reproduce the happenings i n it and guarantee the passing of one season to the next. The words also held the military group to unite people in the cause. At certain times, the priestess would say a line such as my lady abandoned heaven, abandoned earth, to the nether land she descended. Innana abandoned heaven, abandoned earth, to the nether world she descended. Abandoned lordship, abandoned ladyship, to the nether world she descended (Descent 790), the audience would have chimed in on the repetitive parts of the lines. It is also possible that, due to the repetitive nature of the ritual, people memorized the ritual and would recite along with the priestess. This shows how the ancient people bound themselves together through language, they had a common ritual, which they took part in and knew the... ...s could also have eternal life. This is another way that these works are unspeakable magic. The Descent of Innana is one of the first written pieces of publications we have. Sappho is one of the e arliest lyric poets that we have a record of. These works are an example of the idea of the magic of writing itself coming to life. The idea that something washbowl be written down and outlast the writer is truly something the Greeks would have held as magical. As you can see, the writing of ancient Greeks shows sacred magic in many ways. in that location is magic in its most literal form in the ritual of The Descent of Innana. Magic also manifests itself within these texts. There is magic in love, everyday life, and in the writing of these texts, which brings about eternal life. Seen in this way, it is easy to see why people would agree that these texts hold sacred magic.

Justice Versus Empire in J.M. Coetzees Waiting for the Barbarians Essa

Justice Versus Empire in J.M. Coetzees wait for the BarbariansRhythm is the fundamental element of music without its pulsing drive, a personal line of credit seems aimless, and harmony irrelevant. The beat of a drum awakens the primal within us, calling back ancestral memories and basic instincts. It can lead us to dance and to joy, and also, too often, to war. The war drums beat loudly in cycles throughout history. Many would argue they first became audible to our generation immediately following September 11 th, 2001, and grew deafening with the buildup to our invasion of Iraq. Few would deny that with Americas massive global economic and military influence, we have become an empire. Many would argue that we have been an purplish military unit for some time now. Even so, it is only recently that that recognition has entered the popular consciousness, and so only recently could we begin interpreting artistic analyses and criticisms of imperialism as they bear upon to our get n ation. J.M. Coetzee?s Waiting for the Barbarians paints a disturbing picture of what it means to be a citizen and a proponent of empire, one as applicable to fresh America as it was to apartheid South Africa at the time it was written. Coetzee has created a story of Justice versus Empire that applies to us all not just as imperial citizens, but as gentleman beings as well. The Magistrate is the novel?s intellectual and its narrator, so the reader identifies with his position best of all he acts as a countervailing moral force to the all-consuming drive of Empire. He has a strong commitment to the idea of decency, a concept we can roughly equate with basic human rights. He shudders at the mistreatment of Colonel Jolls first round of prisoners, and completely loses his... ...hem away from the unite States mainland and their own homes and families. They have no rights, and journalistic reporting from the area is minimal if it occurs at all. There is frequent talk of what unspeaka ble acts may be going on there behind closed doors, and there has been no denial from the United States government. Coetzee?s ability to universalize a tale is disturbing in this modern light. Our leaders would do best to heed the lessons of literature even now, our own population grows skeptical and is unwilling to accept mere nationalistic bluster as justification. Will Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, and Wolfowitz flee Washington under cover of night someday soon as the people pelt them with stones? It?s a comforting image for some, but even then, the damage may be irreparable. Works CitedCoetzee, J.M. 1980 Waiting for the Barbarians Harmondsworth, Penguin.

Justice Versus Empire in J.M. Coetzees Waiting for the Barbarians Essa

Justice Versus Empire in J.M. Coetzees time lag for the BarbariansRhythm is the fundamental element of music without its pulsing take aim, a melody seems aimless, and harmony irrelevant. The have of a drum awakens the primal within us, calling back ancestral memories and basic instincts. It can lead us to dance and to joy, but also, too often, to war. The war drums beat loudly in cycles throughout history. Many would argue they firstly became audible to our generation immediately following September 11 th, 2001, and grew deafening with the buildup to our invasion of Iraq. a couple of(prenominal) would deny that with Americas massive global economic and military influence, we have become an empire. Many would argue that we have been an imperial power for some time now. change surface so, it is only recently that that recognition has entered the popular consciousness, and so only recently could we begin interpreting artistic analyses and criticisms of imperialism as they relate t o our own nation. J.M. Coetzee?s Waiting for the Barbarians paints a disturbing picture of what it means to be a citizen and a proponent of empire, one as applicable to modern America as it was to apartheid atomic number 16 Africa at the time it was written. Coetzee has created a story of Justice versus Empire that applies to us all not just as imperial citizens, but as gentleman beings as well. The Magistrate is the novel?s intellectual and its narrator, so the reader identifies with his position best of all he acts as a countervailing moral force to the all-consuming drive of Empire. He has a strong commitment to the idea of decency, a concept we can roughly equate with basic human rights. He shudders at the mistreatment of Colonel Jolls first round of prisoners, and completely loses his... ...hem away from the United States mainland and their own homes and families. They have no rights, and journalistic reporting from the area is minimal if it occurs at all. There is frequen t disgorge of what unspeakable acts may be going on there behind closed doors, and there has been no denial from the United States government. Coetzee?s ability to generalize a tale is disturbing in this modern light. Our leaders would do best to heed the lessons of literature even now, our own population grows skeptical and is slow to accept mere nationalistic bluster as justification. Will Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, and Wolfowitz flee Washington under cover of night someday soon as the mint pelt them with stones? It?s a comforting image for some, but even then, the damage may be irreparable. Works CitedCoetzee, J.M. 1980 Waiting for the Barbarians Harmondsworth, Penguin.

Type of Decision Making Enviroment

.VirtualSalt Introduction to decisiveness Making, P machination 1 Robert Harris Version Date June 9, 2012 Previous versions celestial latitude 2, 2009, October 17, 2008 July 2, 1998 We both imprint closes of varying importance all day, so the idea that ending make canister be a rather sophisticated art may at first seem strange. However, studies claim shown that most people argon ofttimes poorer at end fashioning than they think. An understanding of what purpose making involves, together with a few effective techniques, will help you make better conclusions. What is Decision Making? Some DefinitionsA good place to start is with almost standard definitions of determination making. 1. Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternating(a)s based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Making a decision implies that t here(predicate) argon alternative options to be considered, and in such a case we want non only to identify as many of the se alternatives as mathematical but to hire the superstar that (1) has the highest probability of success or effectiveness and (2) best fits with our goals, desires, lifestyle, values, and so on. The two in-chief(postnominal) ideas here are that first, there must be rough genuine alternatives to choose from among.Note that Do it or Dont do it does not qualify as a pitch of alternatives. Only Do this or Do something else unfeignedly qualfies. Second, every decision must be make in the light of some standard of judgment. This standard usually gets expressed in the form of criteria, which fall the values and preferences of the decision maker. These values and preferences are often influenced by corporate rules or culture, law, best practices, and so forth. 2. Decision making is the process of sufficiently reduction uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made from among them.This definition stresses the learning-gathering function of decisi on making. It should be noted here that uncertainty is reduced rather than eliminated. Very few decisions are made with absolute certainty because complete k straightawayledge about all the alternatives is seldom possible. Thus, every decision involves a certain amount of risk. If there is no uncertainty, you do not take over a decision you have an algorithma set of steps or a recipe that is followed to bring about a fixed result. Kinds of Decisions There are several basic kinds of decisions. 1. Decisions whether.This is the yes/no, either/or decision that must be made before we proceed with the selection of an alternative. Should I sully a natural TV? Should I travel this summer? Decisions whether are made by weighing reasons pro and con. A simple worksheet with two columns (one for Proreasons for, and one with Conreasons against) can be useful for this kind of decision. It is important to be aware of having made a decision whether, since too often we assume that decision making begins with the identification of alternatives, assuming that the decision to choose one has already been made. . Decisions which. These decisions involve a choice of one or more alternatives from among a set of possibilities, the choice being based on how well from to each one one alternative measures up to a set of predefined criteria. 3. Contingent decisions. These are decisions that have been made but put on hold until some condition is met. For example, I have decided to buy that car if I can get it for the compensate price I have decided to write that article if I can work the necessary sequence for it into my schedule.OR correct, Well take the route through the valley if we can control the ridge and if we detect no enemy military action to the north. Most people carry virtually a set of already made, contingent decisions, just waiting for the right conditions or opportunity to arise. Time, energy, price, availability, opportunity, encouragementall these factors can fi gure into the necessary conditions that need to be met before we can act on our decision. Some contingent decisions are unstated or even exist below the awareness of the decision maker. These are the type that occur when we seize opportunity.We dont walk around thinking, If I see a new laser printer for $38, Ill buy it, but if we happen upon a deal like that and we have been contemplating getting a new printer, the decision is made quickly. Decisions made in sports and warfare are like this. The best contingent and opportunistic decisions are made by the prepared understandingone that has thought about criteria and alternatives in the past. 4 . Contingent alternatives. Similar to contingent decisions, contingent alternatives involve two or more choices of action, one of which will be taken when the appropriate knowledgeability occurs.Often this trigger is an event or more cultivation. For example, If tomorrow is cloudy or rainy, we will mount a ground attack through the pass, but if the day is clear, we will launch an air strike to the north. OR, if, after this patch attempt, the leak is under 50 gallons per minute, we will sail to the home port for a repair. moreover if the leak is over 50 gpm, we will stay here and order a replacement pump. Decision Making is a Recursive Process A critical factor that decision theorists sometimes neglect to emphasize is that in spite of the way the process is presented on paper, decision making is a nonlinear, algorithmic process.That is, most decisions are made by moving back and forth between the choice of criteria (the characteristics we want our choice to meet) and the identification of alternatives (the possibilities we can choose from among). The alternatives lendable influence the criteria we apply to them, and similarly the criteria we establish influence the alternatives we will consider. Lets look at an example to clarify this. Suppose someone wants to decide, Should I get marry? Notice that this is a decis ion whether.A linear approach to decision making would be to decide this question by weighing the reasons pro and con (what are the benefits and drawbacks of getting married) and then to move to the next part of the process, the identification of criteria (supportive, easy going, competent, affectionate, etc. ). Next, we would identify alternatives likely to have these criteria (Kathy, Jennifer, Michelle, Julie, etc. ). Finally we would evaluate each alternative according to the criteria and choose the one that best meets the criteria. We would thus have a scheme like this decision whether select criteria identify alternatives atch criteria to alternatives make choice However, the fact is that our decision whether to get married may really be a contingent decision. Ill get married if I can find the right person. It will thus be influenced by the identification of alternatives, which we usually think of as a later step in the process. Similarly, suppose we have arrived at the id entify alternatives stage of the process when we give way that Jennifer (one of the girls identified as an alternative) has a wonderful personality characteristic that we had not even thought of before, but that we now really want to have in a wife.We immediately add that characteristic to our criteria. Thus, the decision making process continues to move back and forth, around and around as it progresses in what will eventually be a linear direction but which in its actual workings is highly recursive. Key point, then, is that the characteristics of the alternatives we discover will often revise the criteria we have previously identified. The Components of Decision Making The Decision Environment Every decision is made within a decision milieu, which is defined as the collection of schooling, alternatives, values, and preferences available at the time of the decision.An ideal decision environment would include all possible information, all of it accurate, and every possible alter native. However, both information and alternatives are constrained because the time and effort to gain information or identify alternatives are limited. The time constraint simply inwardness that a decision must be made by a certain time. The effort constraint reflects the limits of manpower, money, and priorities. (You wouldnt want to spend three hours and half a tank of gas trying to find the very best parking place at the mall. Since decisions must be made within this constrained environment, we can say that the study challenge of decision making is uncertainty, and a major goal of decision analysis is to reduce uncertainty. We can almost never have all information needed to make a decision with certainty, so most decisions involve an undeniable amount of risk. The fact that decisions must be made within a limiting decision environment suggests two things. First, it explains why hindsight is so much more accurate and better at making decisions that foresight.As time passes, the decision environment continues to grow and expand. New information and new alternatives appeareven after the decision must be made. Armed with new information after the fact, the hindsighters can many times look back and make a much better decision than the original maker, because the decision environment has keep to expand. The second thing suggested by the decision-within-an-environment idea follows from the above point. Since the decision environment continues to expand as time passes, it is often advisable to put off making a decision until close to the deadline.Information and alternatives continue to grow as time passes, so to have access to the most information and to the best alternatives, do not make the decision too soon. Now, since we are dealing with real life, it is obvious that some alternatives might no longer be available if too much time passes that is a tension we have to work with, a tension that helps to shape the cutoff date for the decision. Delaying a decisi on as long as reasonably possible, then, provides three benefits 1. The decision environment will be larger, providing more information.There is also time for more thoughtful and extended analysis. 2. New alternatives might be recognized or created. Version 2. 0 might be released. 3. The decision makers preferences might change. With further thought, wisdom, and maturity, you may decide not to buy car X and instead to buy car Y. And delaying a decision involves several risks 1. As the decision environment continues to grow, the decision maker might become overwhelmed with too much information and either make a poorer decision or else face decision paralysis. 2.Some alternatives might become unavailable because of events occurring during the delay. In a few cases, where the decision was between two alternatives (attack the pass or circle around behind the large rock), both alternatives might become unavailable, leaving the decision maker with nothing. And we have all had the experien ce of seeing some amazing bargain only to hesitate and find that when we go back to buy the item, it is sold out. 3. In a competitive environment, a faster rival might make the decision and gain advantage.Another manufacturer might bring a similar product to securities industry before you (because that company didnt delay the decision) or the opposing army might have seized the pass while the other army was letting the decision environment grow. The Effects of Quantity on Decision Making many a(prenominal) decision makers have a tendency to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several problems can arise. (1) A delay in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information.This delay could impair the effectiveness of the decision or solution. (2) Information overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually declines because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed appropriately. A major problem caused by information overload is forgetfulness. When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out.The example is sometimes given of the man who spent the day at an information-heavy seminar. At the end of the day, he was not only unable to remember the first half of the seminar but he had also forgotten where he parked his car that morning. (3) Selective use of the information will occur. That is, the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived solution or position. (4) psychical fatigue occurs, which results in slower work or poor quality work. (5) Decision fatigue occurs where the decision maker tires of making decisions.Often the result is fast, careless decisions or even decis ion paralysisno decisions are made at all. The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is consciously selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to ignore subsequent information or forget earlier information. (Have you ever gone shopping for something where you looked at many alternativescars, knives, phones, TVsonly to decide that you liked the first one best? Decision Streams A common misconception about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other you gather information, explore alternatives, and make a choice, without catch to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions. The typical metaphor used to explain this is that of a stream. There is a stream of decisions surrounding a given decision, many decisions made earlier have led up to this decision and made it both p ossible and limited. Many other decisions will follow from it.Another way to describe this situation is to say that most decisions involve a choice from a group of preselected alternatives, made available to us from the macrocosm of alternatives by the previous decisions we have made. Previous decisions have activated or made operable certain alternatives and deactivated or made inoperable others. For example, when you decide to go to the park, your decision has been enabled by many previous decisions. You had to decide to live near the park you had to decide to buy a car or learn about bus routes, and so on.And your previous decisions have constrained your subsequent ones you cant decide to go to a park this afternoon if it is three states away. By deciding to live where you do, you have both enabled and disabled a whole series of other decisions. As another example, when you enter a store to buy a DVD player or TV, you are faced with the preselected alternatives stocked by the st ore. There may be 200 models available in the universe of models, but you will be choosing from, say, only a dozen. In this case, your decision has been constrained by the decisions made by others about which models to carry.We might say, then, that every decision (1) follows from previous decisions, (2) enables many future decisions, and (3) prevents other future decisions. People who have trouble making decisions are sometimes trapped by the constraining record of decision making. Every decision you make precludes other decisions, and therefore might be said to cause a loss of freedom. If you decide to marry Terry, you no longer can decide to marry Shawn. However, just as making a decision causes a loss of freedom, it also creates new freedom, new choices and new possibilities. So making a decision is liberating as well as constraining.And a decision left unmade will often result in a decision by default or a decision being made for you. It is important to realize that every deci sion you make affects the decision stream and the collections of alternatives available to you both immediately and in the future. In other words, decisions have far reaching consequences. Go to Introduction to Decision Making, Part 2 Introduction to Decision Making, Part 3 Other Tools for Creative cerebration and Problem Solving Critical Thinking Course Homepage Introduction to Creative Thinking Creative Thinking Techniques Criteria for Evaluating a Creative SolutionIntroduction to Problem Solving Human-Factor Phenomena in Problem Solving Problem Solving Techniques Biases Affecting Information Processing Decision Making Techniques Decision Simplification Techniques Difficulties Created by the Videographic Presentation of Information Why Are We So Busy? Truths of the Information Age VirtualSalt Home Copyright 1998, 2009, 2012 by Robert Harris How to cite this page w w w . v i r t u a l s a l t . c o m About the author Robert Harris is a writer and educator with more than 25 years of teaching experience at the college and university level. RHarris at virtualsalt. com

Olaudah Equiano Essay

A journal is kept to reminisce on experiences people have gone through, also to share with others in the future. In the two narratives from The fire Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano and from The Journal of the First Voyage to America by Christopher Columbus are both journals about their life experiences. Equiano and Columbus had different encounters with the people they met, and used different imagery. Likewise, they both wrote for the same purpose. The impressions of the people they met were different. Equiano had a horrible encounter with the slave traders on the ship he was on.He mentioned, each circumstance I met with, served only to render my state more painful, and heightened my apprehensions, and my opinion of the cruelty of the whites. (p. 45) The white slave traders were cruel and horrible. The whites treated them horribly and had no paying attention for them. In spite of that, Columbus had a different approach towards the natives he met with o n his voyage. the natives came down to the shore with their calabashes full, and showed great pleasure in presenting us with it. (p. 64), dissimilar the whites, the natives are giving and considerate. I ordered more glass beads to be given them, and they promised to return the next day. (p. 64) Columbus and his men developed a relationship with the natives and they got along. In addition, the imagery that Equiano and Columbus used were different. Equiano uses imagery to help visualize the horrible condition that him and the other slaves were in. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole scene of horror just about inconceivable. (p. 45), Equiano explains the agony they were going through, so much pain that many people felt as if they were dying.On the other hand, Columbus analyzes that This island even exceeds the others in peach and fertility. (p. 62), which shows his admiration towards the island he was on. Although Equiano and Columbus shared many differences, they both had the same purpose for writing. Equiano wrote about his awful experience while being transported to an island as a slave. The reason for writing about his experience was for people to recognize the horrible condition they were in, and how bad they were being treated by the whites. at all events I am determined to proceed on to the continent (p. 4), Columbus wrote in his journal to pass on his experience he had during his voyage to others and to deliver the earn of your highnesses (p. 64) which he will return answers to the King and Queen back home. In conclusion, Equiano and Columbus both lived an unforgettable experience. They both wrote about it and kept it in a journal. They had different experiences and encounters throughout their voyage. Their main purpose for writing was to share their life experiences with others and also to teach about the unknown and undiscovered.

Napoleon Bonaparte, a Man of War

cat sleep Bonaparte annul to power was because of his strong army he formed and his strategy for harming wars however his fall came when he went to Russia intending to defeat them but lost. forty winkss policies were to ensure freedom and equality for the people and to espouse place the people the education they needed. sleep Bonaparte was born catnape di Buonaparte in Corsica, August 15, 1769. He was a small child, and often was teased by his classmates when he was enrolled in military college at a very early age in 1777, and it is believed that this influenced the determination he had to win later in life.Later, he went to Ecole Militaire ( as well as known as military school) from 1784 to 1785. Also in 1785, he graduated with the rank of second lieutenant. Great things were expected of Napoleon. However, no one could have guessed that he would go on to make history. Napoleon was a rising star in the French military. A general at the age of 27, he had won the admiration of France give thanks to his leadership, military talents, and personal talents. Yet his talents lay not in originality but in his stunningly innovative adaptations of military strategies and tactics developed in the eighteenth century and during the Revolution.While in the military, he won many battles over Austria. In 1795, the people of France tired of the Reign of Terror, revolted, executing many leaders of the Terror. The Directory took power. On Napoleons pass along to France, he found that many people were very dissatisfied with the Directory. With the support of his troops, he overthrew them and became Frances new dictator, naming himself First Consul for life. The votes of the public approved of this move. He was goaded to succeed in life. His first real military action was a great success.He was captain of accelerator during the siege of Toulon, where he captured several important strongholds, and oblige the retreat of British naval fleets. He became Brigadier General wh ile campaigning in Italy, but was arrested and jailed there for being an associate of the companion of the executed Maxamillion Robespierre. After getting out of jail, he continued on to achieve even more military greatness. Napoleon strategy in winning wars was brilliant. When he confronted an army stretched out in advance him, skilled marksmen threw the opponents advance forces into disarray and assessed the opposing armys weakest point.The concentration of deadly artillery fire- Napoleon once referred to the twelve-pound cannons as his beautiful daughters-prepared the war for the assault of the infantry columns. The speed of his armys movement was such that he could rapidly besiege and defeat part of an enemy army before reinforcements could arrive. Napoleons genius was his ability to organize, oversee and assure the supplying of and communication between large armies than had ever before been effectively assembled, and to move them more rapidly than anyone before him. All of his success earned him a dictator of France.As a dictator Napoleon made many reforms to France. Napoleon was influenced by the Enlightenment which made him believe that the church should not have an institutional role in the affairs of state. He said that society cannot exist without some being richer than others and this inequality cannot exist without religion. No papal bull could be read in Frances church without permission of the government the clergy would have to read official government decrees from the pulpit. Under Napoleon, the church gained the freedom of religious practice, but at the expense of some of its independence.Napoleon overly gave freedom of religion. Napoleon granted Protestants and Jews state protection to practice their religion. An article of the concordat guaranteed freedom of worship for people in both religions. Also Napoleon created a new social hierarchy based not on blood but on service to the state, particularly in the army and bureaucracy and on ownership of property. Napoleon also established the Bank of France in 1800 which facilitated the states ability to borrow money. He followed the Directorys policy of abandoning the grossly inflated paper money of the Revolution, which stabilized Frances currency.He facilitated the assessment and collection of taxes, ordering a land survey of the entire country upon which direct taxes were to be based. And he expanded the number of indirect taxes collected on salt, tobacco, and liquor, as well as on goods brought into any town of over 5,000 inhabitants. fostering also became a huge priority for Napoleon because in a country in which about half the population was illiterate, he believed that schools could create patriotic and amenable citizens through teaching secular values that would ultimately link education to nationalism.In 1802, Napoleon established state secondary schools called lycees, thirty-seven of which were operating six historic period later, for the relatively few boys who went beyond primary school. Students read only textbooks approved by the emperor and in 1808, he created Frances first public university system. Education became seen as a value in itself, as well as a means of social ascension. After a while, Napoleon created the Napoleonic Code. This canon made the rights of property owners sacrosanct. The code, over 2000 articles long, enshrined the equality of all people before the law and the freedom of religion.The subsequent Penal Code of 1810 proclaimed the freedom to counterfeit that forbade associations of workers associations. Many of the policies had positive effects on the country however they had negative side effects on the people and the economy. Great Britain alone was one of the strongest forces in the defeat of Napoleon. On land, Napoleon was successful against the British, but on sea the British controlled every estuary. Great Britain also created the Orders of Council, which ordered neutral nations not to trade in wi th France.This was much more effective than Napoleons Continental System because Great Britain controlled the seas. Napoleon had many problems that were unrelated to the Quadruple conjunction. When he issued the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, Portugal was not smart because they wanted to trade with Britain. To subdue Portugal, French troops had to cross Spain. Soon troops were forced to occupy Spain as well as Portugal. When the Spanish revolted, Napoleon appointed his brother Joseph as Monarch. The Spanish found this to be very disrespectful to have a foreign ruler appointed, and thus fought with even greater passion and desire.Assisting the Spaniards in ultimately freeing themselves from Napoleons control was the English army under the command of Arthur. Wellesley was later made the Duke of Wellington, where he would take an even more major role in Napoleons defeat. This war with Spain, based on a rise of nationalism, was the beginning of the end for Napoleon. on that point were also many more problems with rebellions by Austria and Russia. Alexander I of Russia broke his Alliance with Napoleon, due to Russias failing economy. This led to Napoleon suffering what is considered to be his worst defeat ever when he went to war with Russia.This defeat was largely due to the French being pushed by the Russians towards the torched city of Moscow. Here they froze, starved or were killed in battle. This defeat encouraged other countries to try for victory. Although allied nations did combine to inflict another defeat for Napoleon at the battle of Leipzig in 1813, it mustiness be noted that the Quadruple Alliance was not officially established at this time and there were many other influences that led to Napoleons decline. Napoleons defeat at the Battle of Waterloo was not determined because of he Quadruple Alliance, but rather it was due to tactical mistakes on behalf of Napoleon. Napoleon made the mistake of entrusting his armies to inferior generals such as Ney, who had no real education, and Marshal Emmanuel de Grouchy, who lacked the charismatic spirit that Napoleons men needed before battle. He also made the mistake of underestimating his opponents. Napoleons health was also to blame for his defeat. At Waterloo he suffered an array of aliments such as run pains, and pneumonia. His actions were sluggish he was slow in issuing commands, and responding to messages.While Napoleon misjudged his opponents, Wellington did not. Wellington had fought against Napoleon before, and was a master of defensive tactics. Ney made many mistakes in the battle, his worst being sending his cavalry to attack hastily, unsupported by infantry. They were slaughtered within minutes. Despite the surprise attack by the Prussians and organization of the Quadruple Alliance helping defeat Napoleon at Waterloo, the British would still have defeated Napoleon due to his own personal doubts, faults and downfall.In conclusion, Napoleons rise to power was clouded his mind that he failed to realize the possibilities of defeat. Napoleon was lethargic and this was the reason why he fell from power. However, Napoleon can be seen as a great lieutenant. His military talents led him to many victories. His victories led him to become a dictator of France who influenced the French. Napoleon was a strong man and despite his ambiguity, he is considered a man of war.

Evolution of Human Resource to Human Capital: A Strategic Shift

As per the Darwins theory of evolution, everything has to evolve in swan to sustain its identity. Corporate and its environment argon changing every day as per the needs and behaviour of the customer. New strategies and concepts are evolving and the old concepts are each getting modified or are getting redundant if not practised. Knowledge of attracting, selecting, deploying and developing talent and strategies has given a competitive advantage to the companies.In vex in of this Human Resource, that was considered as a supporting coordinate in strategy formulation, now has taken a front lead in working with child(p) genesis and hence regarded as the Human Capital. Peter Drucker famously defined a knowledge economy as one in which the clement brain provides the particular means of production. He then noted the obvious corollary that an presidencys most valuable vision is lodged in the heads of its employees and goes home with them at night. Reference4.This is how firms have started involving employee community at all levels for decision make and watchfulness forecasts (be it in any field, i. . Operations, finance, Marketing, Human Resource department etc. ) and not only a pre-selected host of unmarrieds. Concepts like brainstorming of ideas have also evolved with the concept of kind-hearted capital. In this article, let us first define man mental imagery and human capital briefly. Human Resource was regarded as the set of individuals that forms the employee strength of any organization and its planning was typically considered as the process of anticipating and providing for the movement of people into, within and start of the organization.Previously firms were giving much importance to arrangement implementation than human preference development as technology was much simpler. But with the submitment of technology and deficit of skilled manpower, firm has started giving respect to their employees and have initiated different measures to e nhance their skills. This has generated the concept of Human Capital. Human capital narrowed the concept of human resource in terms of expertise and knowledge beneficial for the company. Human Capital describes the economic value of employees knowledge, skills and capabilities.This concept has highlighted the fact that success increasingly depends on an organization aptitude to manage talent and stressed upon the idea of Compete through people. In line of strategic planning that involves a set of procedures for making decision about the firms dogged term goals and strategies, human capital has taken the front seat. In the older model with the advancement of system technology, corporates started considering system before human resource. Their main goal was to make human resource as predictable as physical assets.But in last 40 years this concept has gradually qualifyingd and now the concepts like Toyota Production system pioneered the model that human resource come much before syst ems and that any individual on the production line had the capability often regarded as the ownership to point out problems and stop the line when proper standard operating procedures (SOP) is not being followed or some error has occurred. This has also extrapolated the idea that it is the human resource that drives and maintains the system and is not the another(prenominal) way round.It has also advanced the human resource processes to be continuous and not episodic as considered previously. Human capital is clearly different from the tangible monetary capital due to the distinguishing typical of human capital to grow cumulatively over a long span of time. Due to the shocks experienced in the tune cycles it is difficult to maintain the linearity in growth of tangible monetary capital. During the stop of prosperity, monetary capital grows at relatively higher magnitude while during the period of recession and mental picture there is a dip in generation of monetary capital. Refer ence3.Contrary to this, human capital has uniformly rising rate of growth over a long period of time because the foundation of this human capital is laid down by the skills both technical as well as educational and health inputs. Reference3. The current generation is qualitatively unquestionable by the effective inputs of education and health that will also benefit the future generation by its advance research and development. Thus the future generation gets refined day by day in terms of skills, production capacity etc. generating more human capital with superior quality.Firms have started banking upon their skill inventories for their business differentiation. Skill inventories list each employees education, past work experience, vocational interest, specific abilities and skills, compensation news report and job tenure. IT hubs in Hyderabad, Bangalore etc. have banked upon their skill inventories and this has signified the rapid growth of Indian economy. Companies such as Mack enzie etc. has over a period of time emphasised and given inputs to develop a pool of human capital to gain the competitive advantage.Now the trategy formulation has moved from simple analysis to forge a coherent course of inputs and actions. Thus cumulative growth of Human Capital in India is evident. Countries like china have always banked upon their human capital for their economic growth. Many reasons explicitly explain the strategic change of human resource to human capital major of which is globalization. Globalization has led to multitasking of the employees where the work ability is developed in a holistic manner to accomplish many tasks at one time. The resources are utilised in a much get out way.Individual knowledge bases are continually changing and adapting to the real world in front of them. So the dimension of knowledge is not limited to demographic borders and has developed leaps and bounds. Training programs complement building the human capital by developing sup erior knowledge, skills and experience within the workforce. Managers of today are thriving to develop business agility in their team. Many development assignments are getting structured for employees, empowering them and ensuring that their job duties and requirements are flexible enough to allow growth and learning.Human capital is intangible and elusive and cannot be tapped the way organizations manage jobs, products and technologies. One of the reasons for this is that the employees, not the organization or system own their human capital. If valued employees leave a company, they take their human capital with them, and any investment the firm has made in training and developing those employees is lost. Technology advancement has also pioneered the shifting of human resource to human capital.Companies like Apple, Samsung are coming up with more than one product in a year where the human talent is used copiously to gain the technical niche. Advancement of technology tends to redu ce the job openings that required little skill and increased the position that required considerable skills. This transformation has shifted the human resource from touch labours to knowledge workers, in which the employee responsibilities expand to map a richer array of activities such as planning, decision making and problem solving.Even the firm are preparing blue prints of programs to improve the skills of not only the upper management but also the middle and the lower management also. Firms are creating programs and awards like mentorship program, performance pay, incentives, bonuses and other awards for all level of employees to retain their human capital. Because employee skills, knowledge and abilities are amongst the most distinctive and renewable resources on which a company can draw, their strategic management is more important than ever. Reference2.Thus HR professional can concentrate more effectively on the firm premeditated direction instead of daily ordinary tasks. T his blueprint can include forecasting personnel needs especially for firms planning to expand, contract or merge, planning for career and employee promotions, and evaluating the impact of the firms policies- both those related to HR functions and other functions- to improve the firms earning and strategic directions. But the main challenge comes in utilization of human resource as human capital.Without proper ownership and proper activities that capitalizes the workmanship of an employee, the part of the capital gets unutilized and goes as idle waste. Managers are architecting work for the employees in such a manner where they feel themselves connected and their skills are enhanced. This also catapults their full capacity utilization. The evolvement of this concept has inevitably changed the focus of firm from traditional Human Resource instruction to strategic Human Capital Management.To be in the competition firms are using their human capital to implement both proactive and reac tive change initiatives and are crossing the line to retain their human capital. Such is the magnitude of human capital in todays scenario, where in a tutor success is determined by the amount of human capital he has generated or retained in a year. The future depends on pursuing businesses that leverage human capital.

Processes involved in the human kidney Essay

-Blood enters each kidney via renal artery and leaves each kidney via renal vein-Urine exists the kidney with a duct called the ureter and the uruters of both kidneys drain into a common urinary bladder-Kidney consists of outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla-Nephron is useable unit of vertebrate kidney-Consists of single long tubule and ball of capillaries called the glomerulus-Bowmans capsule surrounds the glomerulus-Kidney regulates the composition of the blood and produce urine-Filtration occurs as blood pressure forces water, urea, salts, and early(a) small solutes from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowmans capsule-Nonselective-Filtrate goes into proximal tube, loop of Henle (a hairpin turn with a descending limb and ascending limb) and the distal tubule-Kidney consists of cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons (only in mammals and birds)-Most of filtrate is reabsorbed back into blood the kidneys take out about 1%-Proximal and distal tubules are the most co mmon sites of secretion-Very selective puzzle out with both passive and active transport of solutes-Proximal, distal tubules, and loop of Henle contribute to Reabsorption-Collecting duct also helps in Reabsorption-Mammalians kidneys powerfulness to conserve water is considered an important adaptation-Antidieretic hormone is important in os more thangulation-Made in hypothalamus and released when osmolarity in blood rises above certain point-ADH acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts by increasing their permeability to water-Causes more water Reabsorption-Is turned off through negative feedback-Juxtaglomerulur apparatus located in the vicinity of the afferent arteriole, which supplies blood to the glomerulus-When blood pressure or blood muckle in the afferent arteriole drops, the enzyme rennin causes chemical reactions that create a peptide called angiotensin II-Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and blood volume by constricting arterioles and decreasing blood flow t o many capillaries like the kidney-Causes more salt and water reabsorption to increase blood volume-Causes release of aldosterone, which also acts on nephrons distal tubules and helps, reabsorb more sodium and water-Negative feedback turns rennin production off-Called the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-Atrial natriuretic factor opposes RAAS-Released by the heart in response to an increase in blood volume and pressure-Inhibits the release of rennin-Inhibits NaCl reabsorption and reduces aldosterone release from adren

Holistic care approaches used in healthcare Essay

The objective of this assignment is to evaluate Holistic wish closely courtes make use ofd in health thrill within the acute fretfulness setting specifically relating to the role of Assistant Practitioners.Holistic care takes into consideration an individuals psychological, sociological and mental health need. Using a holistic approach to care enhances the experience for my patients and families (Erickson 2007). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) defines holistic medicine as a system of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, fond, economic and spiritual needs of the person, taking into consideration a person as a whole. Over the past few decades the focus of checkup care has shifted from sermon of a disease and or injury to treatment of a patient (Henning, 2013).Holism has a long history derived from a Greek-indo -European root holos or hale, meaning whole, healthy, healing, holy and the act of caring (Auyang,1999). The firstborn p ublished literature in relation to holistic care was produced by Florence Nightingale in her curb Notes on Nursing, which described the work of nurses as putting patients in the best condition for nature to act upon them (Nightingale, F 1969). However the concept of holism was first defined by polymath Jan Smuts in 1927, as the tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the parts through original evolution (Smuts. 1927).Different theories on holism have been astray supported and promoted in healthcare since the 1960s, when Florence Nightingale first identified the importance of treating patients individually, as unlike to solely treating the illness (Dossey & Keegan 2009). However this concept is new in Emergency medicine, and has been derived from the recent conflict in Afghanistan. The Army pain man festerment task line published best practice based on a holistic, multidisciplinary, integrative approach to care (Schoolmaker, 2009). The Nursing Midwifer y council (2008) states that all nurses must practice in a holistic, non-judgemental, caring and sensitive manner.Throughout this assignment the names of patients, and family members havebeen substituted to comply with the Data Protection Act (1998) in order to safeguard their identities and hold in confidentiality is maintained as per NHS Policy (2012). Mr. T attended the Emergency Department (ED) after taking a poly-pharmaceutical overdose and collapsing sustaining superficial lacerations to his arms and face. Mr. T was an uncombed gentleman of middle age who was wearing soiled clothes and looked malnourished.Mr. T was known to have almost minor learning difficulties and was a frequent attendee to the ED, due to his long great history of alcoholic drink and illicit medicate abuse. Regular attendees to the ED often suffer from alcohol and or substance misuse, where rest homeless person and socially disengaged (Cherpitel C 1995). Little & Watson (1996) found that frequent at tendees to the ED where at risk of bias care, because they often did non adhere to medical advice or that support resulting in frustration amongst staff during busy times.Pirmohamed et.al. (2000) published figures stating that the majority of alcohol-related ED patients are 1860 years of age, and about 20% of these involve a serious health problem due to long-term alcohol and drug misuse. Blenkiron et.al. (2000) identified that 15-25% of suicides and deliberate self-harm is associated with prolonged alcohol misuse, a battle Mr. T had been fighting against for several years. Mr. T had been using cannabis from a young age which studies have indicated an increased risk of self-harm and suicide attempts, (Beautrais, et.al 1999). Cannabis has also been well documented to contribute to psychiatric and depressive disorders (Andereasson, et al 2002) & (Moore, et.al. 2007).Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was a benignantistic psychologist who developed his hypothesis, the hierarchy of needs ( 1943) a five stage specimen of motivational needs often depicted as a pyramid. The five stages are divided into Psychological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. He believed that the lower levels of the pyramid have to be satisfied ahead a person could move up. Each stage was still defined stating the lowest level was what every human required to survive such as aliment, shelter, water, sex, air, clothing, to the top being the pinnacle of each persons likely in life who is able to pursue inner talent, creativity and fulfillment (McLeod, 2007). At this point Mr. T was barley functioning at the lowest level as hewas unable to meet his basic nutritional needs and lacked fiery clean clothing or shelter. Lack of food can affect a persons mood, behavior and brain function, (Pessoa, 2008). I provided Mr. T with food and clean warm clothing, in order to assist with some of Mr. Ts basic humanistic psychological needs, as advocated by Maslow (1943) alongside his medical trea tment, demonstrating a comprehensive holistic approach to care.Rutledge (2011) another psychologist disagreed with Maslows theory and developed her own theory Maslow Rewired, stating none of these needs starting with basic survival on up, are possible without social connection and collaboration, and that humans require community, Love and the feeling of belonging before harvesting the ability to survive, although this is very such(prenominal) more associated with the 21st century. However substantive evidence has accumulated over the past few decades showing that social ties and social support are positively and casually related to mental health, physical health and longevity (Berkman, 1995). However Mr. T had no relatives other than his brother, who was estranged due to Mr. Ts extensive alcohol abuse. He was disengaged from services, refused social support and often did not adhere to medical advice.The tablets and quantities Mr. T had taken did not require any immediate treatment likewise the lacerations to his arms and face required minimal intervention, however Holistic nursing as advocated by Dossey & Keegan (2009) treats the entire patient. Therefore as a holistic practitioner I investigated Mr. Ts Psychological issues through gentle discourseion whilst a colleague dressed his wounds and administered medication to reduce the effects of alcohol withdrawal, thus assisting with Mr. Ts Physical effects which in turn will assist with his psychological needs. Alcohol is a drug with complex behavioural effects that can be pleasurable when consumed in moderation but can be unpleasant when misused, (Swift, 1999).Mr. T was initially withdrawn and reluctant to discuss his mental health problems, however through gentle questioning whilst undertaking basic tasks, a skill often used by nurses as indicted by Berg et al (2007). Mr. T started to disclose information in relation to his psychological behaviour. Whilstdiscussing such issues with Mr. T it is important to ma intain good eye jot and engage in a moderate amount of social touch, as this is perceived by patients as a more empathetic clinician (Montague 2013). A correspondent approach is advocated by, McCann & McKenna (1993) whilst Bamford Wade & Kimble (2013) promote compassionate listening in addition to touch when dealing with patients in crisis. Therefore it was essential to speak slowly and use appropriate body and facial language to demonstrate empathy and understanding to the patient. Throughout the discussion non-verbal listening skills are respectfully used. Egan (1994) offers the acronym SOLER, an approach used in rede which stands for S Sit squareO Open PostureL Lean slightly forwardE Eye contactR slakeHowever according to Stickley (2011) the school of nursing and midwifery has introduced a new model to student nurses, the Acronym SURETY, which stands forS Sit at an angleU spread out legsR RelaxE Eye contactT TouchY Your intuitionThis approach subsequently adds in touch as advocated by McCann & McKenna (1993) along with your intuition. A nurses intuition is not a new concept and studies have been carried out since 1978, (Gerrity 1987) however it is a skill widely associated with experience (Hams 2000). Intuition has been acknowledged by clinicians and scholars as a vital component of clinical judgment and decision making (Rew 2007). Mr. T responded well to this approach of dialogue.Carl Rogers (1961), another humanistic psychologist developed the theory Core conditions which is the basic attitudes that councillors should display in order to show acceptance of the client and valuing them as a human being, and include Congruence, empathy and respect. Like Rutledges (2011)approach, Rogers (1959) believed everyone needs to feel loved, valued and unconditional regard, to achieve Maslows findings that all humans aim to self-actualize and fulfill their potential (1961). During the judging it is essential to communicate effectively, minimise barri ers such as using medical terminology in discussion as advocated by, Minardi & Riley (2007). Physicians frequently use medical words during consultations track to jargon that is potentially misunderstood thus impairing effective communication (Blackman & Sahebjalal 2014)Good communication skills allow patients and relatives alike to express their concerns and needs, subsequently building invest between them and the healthcare professional, demonstrating a two way circle of communication, identified as the most effective method by Schramm (1954). The Johari Window is a model created by Luft & Ingham (1995) and used by healthcare professionals whilst communicating with patients, that encourages self-awareness and understanding of others, ensuring practitioners are aware of their own beliefs, principles, attitudes and strengths in order to help their patients.There are some barriers to providing effective communication, as the ED is a very busy loud environment which can hinder effe ctive communication and possibly result in communication overload Woloshynowych et al (2007). However by simply taking a patient or relative away from these areas and into a quiet room, communication barriers can be minimised.Mr. T responded well to the approaches used, and had not spoken of his feelings or depression for a long time. Mr. T explained that he had lived with his mother up to the age of twelve when she passed away following a lifetime of alcohol abuse and that this was the only life he knew. Psychologist Albert Bandura believed children imitate behaviors witnessed as they grow up which was illustrated in the experiment The Bobo Doll, (McCleod 2007).Since becoming reliant on drugs and alcohol Mr. Ts mental state had significantly deteriorated thus exacerbating his addiction and leading to unemployment and subsequently homelessness. Due to the fact Mr. T was disengaged from services and had no family support he was feelingincreasingly isolated and unloved thus amplifying Rogers. C (1961) theory OF Core Conditions however Mr. T was reluctant to change. DiClemente & Prochaska (1998) developed the Transtheoretical Model of Change which is primarily associated with addiction and the willingness to change. The five stages of this are 1. Precontemplation Unwillingness to change2. Contemplation friendliness of change3. Preparation Commitment to change4. Action modification of behaviour takes place5. Maintenance lifelong avoidance of relapseMr. T was currently at the precontemplation phase and unwilling to make changes to his current circumstances. Due to increasing pressure from NHS targets, Emergency practitioners have a very limited amount of time to squall such varied and extensive issues due to all patients needing to be transferred or discharged within four hours of arrival. As strong advocates of holistic practice the segment strives to ensure all patients are treated holistically and provided with the relevant knowledge and support required to address and manage their problems.Mr. T was referred to the mental health team for further assessment of his psychological needs assisted with housing, and referred to the Alcohol and Drug Misuse Team in order to address his addictions. These services work in both(prenominal) the interests of staff and patients providing support to patients with complex alcohol and drug dependence in order to reduce the number of attendances to the ED and help to reduce care costs. The home office published data relating to alcoholism which showed the cost to the NHS is in excess of 3.5 billion annually (Governments Alcohol Strategy 2012). Layard (2005) concurs with these statistics stating that Mental Health is our biggest social problem.In conclusion a Holistic approach to care considers the physical, emotional, social, economic and spiritual needs of a patient taking in to account a person as a whole not only treating the physical and medical needs of a patient. It is evident that treating p atients as a whole and not the presenting complaint alone is key to providing effective healthcare for the patient and can result in fewer admissions and reduce pressure on resources. The evidence provided in this assignment has shown that the emergencydepartment uses all resources available, working as a multi-disciplinary team to assess and treat patients with complex mental health needs and drug and alcohol dependencies fairly without passing judgement.Effective communication plays a vital part in effective treatment of a patient although there is potential for communication to be hindered. The communicative approaches used prove favourable with Mr. T and enabled the practitioner to gain the relevant information required. The psychological approaches used with Mr. T proved effective and by treating Mr. T in a holistic manner contributed to the effective management of his care. Based on the research and evidence published holistic care significantly improves patient outcomes lead ing to greater patient satisfaction and contribute to reducing healthcare costs which will subsequently assist in providing a longer sustainable national health service.

Sardar vallabhai patel

Jhaverbhai Patel was born at his maternal uncles house in Nadiad, Gujarat. His actual date of birth was never offici every last(predicate)y recorded Patel entered October 31st as his date of birth on his matriculation examination papers. He was the fourth son of Jhaverbhai and Ladba Patel, and lived in the village of Karamsad, in the Kheda district. Somabhai, Narsibhai and Vithalbhai Patel (also a future governmental leader) were his elder companions. He had a younger brother, Kashibhai, and a sister, Dahiba.Patel elped his father in the fields, and bimonthly kept a day-long fast, abstaining from food and water a cultural observance that enabled him to develop physical tougheness. He entered school late parental attention was focused on the eldest brothers, thus leading to a degree of neglect of Patels education. Patel travelled to attend schools in Nadiad, Petlad and Borsad, living self-sufficiently with other boys. He took his matriculation at the late age of 22 at this point , he was generally regarded by his elder relatives as an unambitious man destined for a commonplace job.But Patel himself har practiced a plan he would pass the Pleaders examination and sprain a lawyer. He would then set aside funds, travel to England, then train to become a barrister. During the many years it took him to save money, Vallabhbhai now a pleader earned a reputation as a fierce and skilled lawyer. He had also cultivated a stoic character he lanced a painful boil without hesitation, even as the barber supposed to do it trembled. Patel spent years a counselling from his family, pursuing his goals assiduously. Later, Patel fetched Jhaverba from her parents home Patel as matrimonial to Jhaverba at a young age.As per Indian custom at the time, the girl would remain at her mothers house until her husband began earning and set up his household. His wife bore him a daughter, Manibehn, in 1904, and later a son, Dahyabhai, in 1906. Patel also cared for a personal friend s uffering from Bubonic plague when it swept the state. After Patel himself came follow through with the disease, he immediately sent away his family to safety, left his home, and moved into an isolated house in Nadiad (by other accounts, Patel spent this time in a flea-bitten temple) here, he recovered slowly.Patel took on the financial burdens of his homestead in Karamsad even while saving for England and supporting a young family. He made way for his brother Vithalbhai Patel to travel to England in place of him, on his own saved money and opportunity. The episode occurred as the tickets and pass Patel had applied for arrived in the name of V. J. Patel, and arrived at Vithalbhais home, who bore the same initials. Patel did not hesitate to make way for his elder brothers ambition before his own, and funded his trip as well.In 1909, Patels wife Jhaverba was hospitalized in Bombay to undergo a major surgical operation for cancer. Her health suddenly worsened, and despite successful e mergency surgery, she died. Patel was given a note informing him of his wifes demise as he was cross-examining a witness in court. As per others who witnessed, Patel read the note, pocketed it and continued to intensely cross-examine the witness, and won the case. He broke the news to others only after the minutes had ended. Patel himself persistent against marrying again.He raised his children with the help of his family, and sent them to England and enrolled at the Middle Temple Inn in London. Finishing a 36-month course in 30 months, Patel topped his classify despite having no previous college background. Patel settled in the city of Ahmedabad, and became one of the citys most successful barristers. Wearing European-style clothes and urbane mannerisms, he also became a skilled bridge player at the Gujarat Club. His close friends would include his neighbours Dr. Balwantray and Nandubehn Kanuga, who would remain ear to him, and a young lawyer, Ganesh Vasudev Mavlankar.He had als o made a pact with his brother Vithalbhai to support his entry into politics in Bombay, while Patel himself would remain in Ahmedabad and provide for the family. According to some of Patels friends, he nurtured ambitions to expand his practise and accumulate undischarged wealth, and to provide his children with modern education. Vallabhbhai Patel was a major political and social leader of India and its struggle for independence, and is credited for achieving the political integration of autonomous India. In India nd crossways the world, he is known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, where Sardar stands for Chief in many languages of India.Patel organized the peasants of Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the oppressive policies imposed by the British Raj becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He rose to the leadership of the Indian National Congress and at the forefront of rebellions and political events organizing the pa rty for elections in 1934 and 1937, and leading Indians into the Quit India movement. He was imprisoned by he British government on numerous occasions, especially from 1931 to 1934, and from 1942 to 1945.Becoming the first theme Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organized relief and rehabilitation efforts in the riot-struck Punjab and Delhi, and led efforts to restore security. Patel took charge of the task to forge a linked India from a plethora of semi-independent princely states, colonial provinces and possessions. Patel employed an iron fist in a velvet glove diplomacy frank political negotiations plump for with the option (and the use) of military action to weld a ation that could emancipate its people without the prospect of divisions or civil conflict.His leadership obtained the peaceful and swift integration of all 565 princely states into the Republic of India. Patels initiatives spread democracy extensively across India, and re-organized the states to help transform India into a modern federal republic. His admirers call him the Iron Man of India. He is also remembered as the patron saint of Indias civil servants for his defence of them against political attack, and for being one of the earliest and key defenders of property rights and free nterprise in independent India.On 29 March 1949, a plane carrying Patel and the Maharaja of Patiala lost radio contact, and Patels life was feared for all over the nation. The plane had made an emergency landing in the desert of Rajasthan upon an engine failure, and Patel and all passengers were safe, and traced by nearby villagers. When Patel returned to Delhi, members of Parliament and thousands of Congressmen gave him a raucous welcome. In Parliament, MPs gave a thunderous ovation to Patel stopping proceedings for half an hour.

Impact of Internet & Online Community Networking Application Essay

Web 2. 0 internet Technology allows users to interact and sustain with each separate in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual(prenominal) community. in that respect are unlike federation Networking Application course of studys provided by the social media networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter to the market of products and values for the hospitality sedulousness. Social network offers media technologies that push aside enable online functionality and monitoring perspectives wherein the information gathered arouse be used to amend their services for customer satisfaction.The hospitality industry can market themselves in social media and networking thus it can be use social media to engage customers and clients in dialogue and admit their needs & wants. Through these networking sites, hospitality industry Web 2. 0 internet Technology allows users to interact and cooperate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community.There are various Community Networking Application platforms provided by the social media networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter to the marketing of products and services for the hospitality industry. Social network offers media technologies that can enable online functionality and monitoring perspectives wherein the data gathered can be used to improve their services for customer satisfaction. The hospitality industry can market themselves in social media and networking thus it can be use social media to engage customers and clients in dialogue and recognize their needs & wants.Through these networking sites, hospitality industry could interact with modern & loyal guests before, during, and later on of the guest staying experience. Social media is relatively newfound and the advantages are abundance such as it is affordable (no cost), it is viral and has the potential to spread brand mindfulness rapidly and far and it is said to be able to take on link baits, attention and massive amounts of webpage traffic flow.The purpose of this study is to evaluate Impact of Internet & Online CommunityNetworking Application (Web 2. 0 internet Technology) based on Budget Hotel in Klang Valley Introduction hospitality industry play significant role in the world in terms of the numbers of employees and its cause on the community and economical development of a region or country. Hospitality means providing service to others, as well as demonstrating consistent excellence and quality. It should also mean profitably providing value at any price level, while demonstrating your own unique points of distinction.Most of all, hospitality should be a straddle, where people can still be exceptional one-on-ones and they can extend their own personality and personal manner (Hogan, 2008). The use of internet & networking application for basic functions for instance conferences, line of credit organisa tion meetings in distant places, training, designed routes and airlines, reservations and tickets purchased through with(predicate) computer systems, tourist shops, restaurants is becoming typical in hospitality industry.The hotels depend progressively on the resources of new information technology to follow and update the tools which allow an efficient development of activities in each sectionalisation of the company, leading to better results for its management (Mendes-Filho & Ramos, 2003a). To Phillips and Moutinho (1998), information technology (IT) is one of the critical factors of success in the hotel industry. The count over high-tech or high-touch is largely a thing of the past in the hospitality industry as emerging technologies drive unprecedented change in the agency hotels operate and serve customers.It is score that investments in technologies can generate greatly improved operating efficiencies, higher hotel revenues and enhanced guest services. The yard of chang e, however, has been so extreme as to leave many hotel organizations uncertain about what types of technology to adopt and the silk hat ways to create a seamless integration of systems company-wide. In addition, investments made by many hotel owners and operators during the croak five years bring forth lagged as a result of the serious downturn weathered by the industry.Many hotel organizations are using technologies so outdated as to place their companies at a combative disadvantage in the marketplace. (dchosenone, Jun 2009) The arrival of the Internet has change magnitude the opportunities to boost the accommodation industry. Recently, hoteliers are fully aware of the benefits that the Internet can calaborate to their business. Well-informed of the far reaching importance of the web, they are motivated to create more awareness of their industry, on top of getting more bookings online.This had driven website development for hotels and resorts, the online reservation booking s ystem, the increased number of reviews and redesigning of accommodation websites, as well as other tourism related online enterprises. As a matter of fact, there is a steady, daily growth of the web strategies for hotel and hospitality. The IT trends in the accommodation industry improve every day. Online marketing renewed the hospitality industry.Social bookmarking, mobile marketing (Runritz application), Web 2. online communities and all others have all added up to the change in the impact of the hospitality industry. The traditional booking system of hotels and resorts has been changed by the Internet. Thus potential guests can easily compare several hotel rooms & facilities and its rates offered by various hoteliers. Then there is the advancement of computer graphics and web photos that hoteliers had utilize to display their hotels pictures. In this way potential guests can take a virtual tour to feel the interiors and exteriors of their hotels and resorts.It has also become de wy-eyed for clients to acquire info on hotels Rooms and Rates, amenities, facilities and promos. The emergence of Web 2. 0, allows one with unlimited amount of things the individual can do on the internet these days. The individual is not just restricted to emails or passively absorbing the static information that is available on the web pages when browsing. It used to be one-way that now the web is the platform where people can share information, hold a decent dialogue, bring in both social and business connections.Social media has recently been adopted by a small radical of organizations integrated marketing plans. There by infusing a mix of advertisement, public relations, their sales promotion to pull in a customer focused message. With the evolution of platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, we have the golden opportunity for exceptional access to the guest (Lanz, Fischhof, & Lee, 2010).Since social media is so available to anyone with an internet connect ion, it should be a platform that can be recommended to the ospitality industry to increase their brand awareness and facilitate direct feedback from their customers. A business that understands the advantage of social media is well aware that social media is requirement in developing new business in the current competitive and online driven marketplace. Marketing is an important aspect for any company twisting in business. As such, it is a competitive world out there, and social media marketing is the new kid in town and it can reach out to the people accessing these social media platform regularly.Communication is essential for any corporation and business, therefore either they change the way information is conveyed or be wide-awake to lose some of the audience. It is imperative for marketing managers to continuously find a solution to appeal, keep new and current consumers (Schneider, 2009). Social network is the ideal platform for communication that applies perfectly with m arketing in the virtual world. Social networks are groups of individuals who 3 prefer to communicate with one another through a favored site based on the profile created for themselves (Laudon and Traver, 2007).

Christian Ethics Problem Essay

1. What is the biblical seat for the Jubilee 2000s call for the immediate canceling of the debts of all HIPCs? Answer Leviticus 2514 says You shall not oppress hotshot another. The lending countries loaned money at interest rates in excess knowing that the HIPCs could not stick out those debts off in the future, and that is a means of oppression. Leviticus 2525-28 is where the name Jubilee comes from. Basically, it says that if a man is poor and needs money, he can sell his items. Either he can pay off the debt and sit his items back, a family member can do this for him, or upon the year of Jubilee the items are returned to the original owner and the debt is forgiven.2. What conditions do you look at should accomp whatever debt relief to growth countries? Answer Out of all the choices on pages 218-219 in the Stapleford text, I give way chosen three conditions that I intend are most important (although I do believe all 9 of them should be used) a. Preferential option for the poor with respect to the spending of the funds saved. I believe that if you want someone to believe in you, you have to believe in yourself. It goes back to Chapter 1 in the Stapleford text when he spoke about an individual having self-interest (without excess). If a country wants to get better, it has to embellish in its people- education, roads, utilities, healthcare, AIDS/Ebola/Malaria/other disease prevention and treatment, loans available to farmers and small business owners.b. The knowledgeability of social security systems. Cap military spending to avoid governments backing militias for political gain. No loans for countries persecuting any religious group. No spending the money going to war, instead investing it in long-term peace-keeping operations.c. investing by developed countries in technology needed to foster developing-country development. This closely ties in with my first choice, moreover I want to combine another condition (institution and enforcement if enviro nmental policies and regulations). The country should not only invest in its people but also in itself as a country. Using environmentally safer procedures will help preserve the natural resources of the developing country.At the same time, money should be invested in movetechnologies to help its people. Schools should have technologies to bring their people up and close the gap between higher developing countries. Technologies to improve roads and utilities while also focusing on Going Green. And, of the highest importance to me, invest in medical research and technologies. I can only pray that I will live to run into the discovery of the AIDS cure.3. Why has the application of the World Banks Structural Adjustment policies been counter-productive in many developing countries? Answer In some countries, the reduction of government spending had the same nitty-gritty as restrictive fiscal policies which aggravated an already recessionary market. Less money in circulation change ma gnitude unemployment and lowered aggregate demand. This also put upward pressure on interest rates, and low-income farmers and businesses could not wax to meet these new rates. Exports were cheaper, but prices were falling. Import costs rose, putting domestic producers in a thought where new parts and technologies were harder to obtain. All of this increased the gap between the upper class and the poor.

Membranes: Cell Membrane and Purple Dark

Cell Membranes and impartation Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0033-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a supervene upon for a formal science laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the try outs questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to despatch students writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. operate 1 Diffusion ObservationsData Table 1 Rate of diffusion in different temperatures ? C proceeding Temperature InitialTemp. InitialColor 5 10 15 20 25 30 60 Cold 3 vacuous white white white white white white Mostly white some easy Ambient 25 white twineedish Light blue purple blue purple blue purple purple purple smutty purple Hot 96 white purple DARKpurpleple Dark purple Dark purple Dark purple Dark purple Dark purple Questions A. issue a one-paragraph analysis of the results for the pro cedure. Provide reasons for the difference in the rate of diffusion at the different temperatures.The results of this lab were greatly influenced by the temperature of the KI solution. The bag placed in the heated solution began to change color (from white to light purple) almost immediately and changed to dark purple within 7minutes. The second bag in room temp. solution took about 5 minutes to see a slight change in color (from white to light blue) and about 20 to turn dark purple. The third bag in the cold temp. solution barely changed color at all at the end of the hour (bluish tint. ) concord to the text (p. 68), Beca hire the driving force for diffusion is the kinetic energy of the olecules themselves. The speed of diffusion is influenced by molecular size ( the smaller, the swift) and by temperature ( the warmer, the faster). Through this lab experiment we were able to see that diffusion did take a chance faster in the warm piss by seeing the fastest change in color of the table of contents inside the baggie. B. Did the sizes of the molecules affect their movement? Yes, the smaller the molecules (KI) were able to permeate thru the bag where as the bigger molecules (water) and corn whisky start could not permeate thru the membrane bag due to their large size. C.Give an example of diffusion between a solid and a liquid a gas and a liquid between dickens different solids. (solid/solid) Gold and lead- over time, molecules of lead bequeath diffuse into the gold and vice versa. (solid/liquid) dent and water- Sugar will dissolve in water. (Gas/liquid)Perfume and air- the scent will spread. Exercise 2 Osmosis Observations DataTable 2 Potato locoweed Contents in TestTube Initial Mass of Two Potato Strips Final Mass of Two Strips MassDifference % assortment inMass Class Average Percent Change in Mass (if available) a) Distilled pee 3. g 5g 1. 4 38% b) 1. 0 M saccharose 3. 4g 2. 1g -1. 3 -38% c) 0. 8 M Sucrose 3. 6g 2. 1g -1. 5 42% d) 0. 6 M Sucro se 3. 5g 2. 6g -. 9 -25% e) 0. 4 M Sucrose 3. 5g 3g -. 5 -14% f) 0. 2 M Sucrose 3. 4g 3. 7g . 3 9% Questions A. Describe how the tater cylinders changed in their turgidity. Identify which of the solutions were isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic in relation to the potato. a) Distilled Water No change in turgidity. Hypotonic solution. b) 1. 0 M Sucrose Very turgid. Hypertonic solution. ) 0. 8 M Sucrose Turgid. Hypertonic solution. d) 0. 6 M Sucrose Moderately turgid. Hypertonic solution. e) 0. 4 M Sucrose Slighty turgid. Hypertonic solution. f) 0. 2 M Sucrose No change in turgidity. Hypotonic solution. B. What would happen to a red blood electric cell placed in distilled water? Why? Distilled water is a hypotonic solution which means in contains no solutes. According to the text (p. 72), Cells placed in a hypotonic solution plump up rapidly as water rushes into them. This means that a red blood cell would eventually pop. C.Create a graph of your experimental data by plott ing the percent change in potato mass against sucrose hoagyity. Label the x-axis as Molarity of Sucrose, and the y-axis as % Change in Mass. D. Determine the molar concentration of the sucrose contained in the potato strips by using the graph created in question C. At the point where the molar concentration of the sucrose in the potato would be isotonic to the sucrose, there would be no net change in the potato mass. On the graph, this is located at the 0% change. persist a line from this place on the y-axis to intersect the line.From the line draw a line megabucks to the x-axis to find the molarity. Molar concentration of sucrose in potato = . 3 M Exercise 3 The Effect of Solvents on Membrane System Observations Data Table 3 Color Intensity from modify Beet Cells TestTube Solution Treatment ColorIntensity0 10 Condition of Beet (turgid, flaccid, etc. ) a 70% Isopropyl intoxicant 10 Very flacid b 35% Isopropyl alcoholic drink 7 bendable c 17. 5% Isopropyl alcohol 3 Less firm d Distilled Water 0 Very firm. Questions A. What is the reasoning behind the use of egg whites?How does this part of the experiment relate to membranes? Egg whites would provide a lipid layer mimicking the cell membrane layer of a cell. Also egg white are largely composed of water this would also mimic the cell membrane. B. What do the results of test tube e tell about the feeling of isopropyl alcohol on egg whites? The effects of the alcohol on the on the egg whites were that it made the unshapely as almost if they had been cooked. C. What do the results of test tube f tell about the effect of isopropyl alcohol on oil?How does this relate to membranes? The oil sinks in relation to the alcohol. This is related to membranes due to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic aspects. Lipids arrange so that the hydrophobic tail regions are isolated from the surrounding polar fluid, causing the to a greater extent hydrophilic head regions to associate with the intracellular (cytosolic) and ext racellular faces of the resulting bilayer. D. Based on the results from test tubes a by d, which of the solutions possessd the most damage on the membrane system? Explain your answer.The solution with the highest concentration of Isopropyl alcohol cause the most damage to the membrane because exposure to high concentration of organic solvents would disrupt membrane integrity. E. employ the same data collection method, develop a hypothesis and use the scientific method to innovation an experiment that would show the effect of temperature stress on membranes. Extreme temperatures, mainly -5? C and 70? C, will significantly damage the cell membrane while the temperatures closer to room temperature will cause solely slight damage, if any.

The Humble Beginings of Bill Cosby

charge up Cosby came from a poor neighborhood as a child. He grew up with a lot of humor. He did non know that he would make a career of it as a child. As he after grew up he tried stand up comedy and succeeded. in the 1960s I discern came out and broke the racial barrier by featuring Cosby, the first ever black earth to draw a weekly dramatic series. So he started a television show called The line Cosby stage. The showing brought NBC from last place in the ratings to first. His show was a great success.His goals included succeeding in flavour as a comedian. He did that and did it very well. His success in entertainment was complemented by his contact with a host of charity organizations and making generous gifts in support of education.While Cosby was younger he cut little of his father. His mom on the other hand was very supportive. His mom was a major(ip) forge and his first audience member. It didnt take long for him to start gigs on her and practicing routines on her . She constantly boost his inventive performances of everyday household happenings. A couple of his friends that he knew from elementary school including plunk Albert, hoar Weird Harold, Dumb Donald, and Weasel was an influence on him and later immortalized in his comedy routines. Family and Friends helped Bill Cosby sterilise a great start in his entertainment career.As a child Cosby loved to laughter nigh all the time with his friends after school eon playacting in the playground. They loved playing gags on each other in their free time. Bill Cosby was everlastingly loved by neighbors and friends of family. He would always be in a good mood no matter what the situation. When Bill walked in a room he always brought humor with him and made people laugh. This is pretty much how he figure he could be a comedian when he grew up.He had to leave the tenth coterie to link the Navy, tho he finished school by means of a correspondence path while in the service. Later when he w as discharged he enrolled at Temple University in Philadelphia, hoping to kick the bucket a physical education teacher. To support himself he started to perform at a nightclub that sincerely enjoyed his performances. His endowment fund started to spread north to New York, so he left school to perform in Greenwich crossroads clubs, and within a year he landed a spot on The tonight Show.In 1963 Cosby revolutionized American comedy. At the peak of the civil rights movement, Cosby was unique among black comedians of the time in not using race as a subject. He was also very popular in the publication world. His earmark Fatherhood became the fastest-selling hardcover book of all the time which is still in more(prenominal) than half of its fifty-four weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List as tote up one. The book sold over 2.6 million hardcover copies and 1.5 million paperbacks. He has earned eight flamboyant Records and quin Grammy Awards on his 21 albums that he had on t he national pop charts. He broke piano tuner metropolis Music Halls fifty-three year old attendance record for his contrive appearances.always since Cosby was little he knew he wanted to do comedy. All the other things that came about was vindicatory check ins that helped him out even more. More people should learn about Bill Cosby because they should see how he succeeded in life. For someone with not so much education he did very great in life. funniness to some people might not be a very successful craft but Cosby enjoyed entertaining people very much so he did what he enjoyed doing best.The Humble Beginings of Bill CosbyBill Cosby came from a poor neighborhood as a child. He grew up with a lot of humor. He did not know that he would make a career of it as a child. As he later grew up he tried stand up comedy and succeeded. in the 1960s I Spy came out and broke the racial barrier by featuring Cosby, the first ever black man to lead a weekly dramatic series. So he started a t elevision show called The Bill Cosby Show. The Show brought NBC from last place in the ratings to first. His show was a great success.His goals included succeeding in life as a comedian. He did that and did it very well. His success in entertainment was complemented by his involvement with a host of charity organizations and making generous gifts in support of education.While Cosby was younger he saw little of his father. His mom on the other hand was very supportive. His mom was a major influence and his first audience member. It didnt take long for him to start gigs on her and practicing routines on her. She always encouraged his inventive performances of everyday household happenings. A couple of his friends that he knew from elementary school including Fat Albert, Old Weird Harold, Dumb Donald, and Weasel was an influence on him and later immortalized in his comedy routines. Family and Friends helped Bill Cosby get a great start in his entertainment career.As a child Cosby loved to joke around all the time with his friends after school while playing in the playground. They loved playing gags on each other in their free time. Bill Cosby was always loved by neighbors and friends of family. He would always be in a good mood no matter what the situation. When Bill walked in a room he always brought humor with him and made people laugh. This is pretty much how he figured he could be a comedian when he grew up.He had to leave the tenth grade to join the Navy, but he finished school by means of a correspondence course while in the service. Later when he was discharged he enrolled at Temple University in Philadelphia, hoping to become a physical education teacher. To support himself he started to perform at a nightclub that really enjoyed his performances. His talent started to spread north to New York, so he left school to perform in Greenwich Village clubs, and within a year he landed a spot on The Tonight Show.In 1963 Cosby revolutionized American comedy. At th e peak of the civil rights movement, Cosby was unique among black comedians of the time in not using race as a subject. He was also very popular in the publishing world. His book Fatherhood became the fastest-selling hardcover book of all the time which is still in more than half of its fifty-four weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List as number one. The book sold over 2.6 million hardcover copies and 1.5 million paperbacks. He has earned eight Gold Records and five Grammy Awards on his 21 albums that he had on the national pop charts. He broke Radio City Music Halls fifty-three year old attendance record for his concert appearances.Ever since Cosby was little he knew he wanted to do comedy. All the other things that came about was just add ins that helped him out even more. More people should learn about Bill Cosby because they should see how he succeeded in life. For someone with not so much education he did very great in life. Comedy to some people might not be a very succe ssful job but Cosby enjoyed entertaining people very much so he did what he enjoyed doing best.