ecosystems :: essays research papers

Factors of companionship1.Interactions between the climate and topographya.Rainfall, soil, temperature2.The food and resources that grow3.Other specific resources infallible for a species to survive and adapt to. (Ecological niche)4.Species interaction5.Physical disturbances, addition/ removal of certain species-These factors determine population sizes of an ecosystem.-Conditions of arctic regions dont countenance many animals to live on that point due to the low temperature.Niches (all relationships in which species select in order to survive and spue)-Fundamental Niche is a theoretical niche, where there are no constraints or limited resources)-Realized Niche is the actual niche, where there are constraints on resources)Symbiosis (liveliness together Species interacting in +, -, and = ways) mutualism (++)-Both species in interaction benefit-Obligatory Mutualism -One species privynot grow/reproduce without an another(prenominal)(prenominal) speciesEX. Yucca industrial pla nts are only pollinated by Yucca moths.-Yucca moths only grow in the yucca plant and only course Yucca seeds.Co-evolution-The prey and predator build better defenses and counters to the others abilities.-Since the best of the prey/predator survive more than often, they birth more chance to reproduce.-Soon only the strong survive, thus, the best ways of countering pull ahead the entire population.-EX. Camouflage, Mimicry (faking a characteristic), Spewing toxins, showing teeth, etcCarrying Capacity-Maximum number of individuals that resources of purlieu can maintain.-Predator-Prey populations can fluctuate.-Predators may not adjust quickly comely to the abundance of prey. -Additional predators could also influence the rate.-As more predators reproduce and eat more prey, the prey population decreases.-As more prey dies, predators have less to eat and begin to die off.-With fewer predators, the prey once again starts to reproduce at a faster pace.Predator- Animals that feed on li ving organisms, further do not live on themPrey- targets of predators that are killedParasites- Feeds on tissues of living organisms and live on themHost- the organism a parasite feeds on effectuate of Parasites-Feeds off the hosts tissues nutrition.-Alters how much expertness enters the organism, and weakens it.-Can alter birth rates, can sterilize, or make organisms less magnetic to mates. -Can open prey to diseases and defileions.-Usually does not want to cause death, so that it can reproduce for a longer period of timeMicroparasites-Rapid reproducers and personally infect the body.EX. Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoan Macroparasites-Directly lay their eggs on the host.EX. Fleas, ticks, mites, liceSocial Parasites-Manipulate the social mien of another species.EX. Cuckoos lay their eggs in nests of other species, which push the just eggs out.-The mother of the original eggs ends up feeding the cuckoos.Parasitoids-Insect larvae that constantly kill what they eat (larvae and pupae of other insects)